A pressure indicator for the impact of Iberian wild goat on moss and soils in a Mediterranean climate

In the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (central Spain), the population of Iberian wild goat, also known as Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) has grown strongly since its reintroduction three decades ago. The plant community is now under heavy browsing pressure due to this high population. A study of the presence of moss on rocks was used herein as the basis for the design of an indicator, named impact on mosses (im), to describe the environmental pressure exerted by the Iberian wild goat in terms of moss removal. Granite and gneiss zones at medium altitudes with continental Mediterranean climate are the most suitable areas for successful application of the indicator. The hypotheses to test are: (1) the indicator will discriminate between areas with different wild goat pressure levels, (2) wild goat pressure will explain a high proportion of moss loss variance, and (3) the im indicator will be useful to establish a mathematical model between wild goat pressure and moss loss. The proposed indicator was analyzed using both statistical and data science techniques. The results support the mentioned hypotheses. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found regarding the impact on mosses between areas with different levels of Iberian wild goat pressure. Thus, a high proportion of the variance was associated with wild goat pressure (80% for high-pressure areas, 56% for low-pressure areas). A modified parabolic function was fit to express the relationship between Iberian wild goat pressure and impact on mosses. In conclusion, the im indicator was shown to be a useful tool to assess pressure due to Iberian wild goat. Therefore, im can help assess and manage Iberian wild goat populations and determine their sustainable levels.

ANALYSIS OF LAND IN PROTECTED AREAS OF GAS PIPELINES OF DIFFERENT PRESSURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FERGHANA REGION

Protection zones of underground and aboveground gas pipelines with different pressure indicators are of great importance not only for safety, also and for present and future land use. The use of these lands for domestic and agricultural needs, with the correct organization of cadastral relations, is relevant to this issue. At the same time, an example is provided of a gas transport pipeline section with a pressure indicator of 6 kgf/sm2. KEY WORDS: security zones, land plot, information about zones, zones with high pressure, gas lines, gas pipelines, bonus points, engineering networks, various buildings, construction of buildings and structures.

Inventory of Pesticides and their impact on the environment by calculating the frequency of treatment indicator in the Gharb plain (Morocco)

<pre><span lang="EN-US">The Gharb area upstream of the Merja Zerga lagoon, also called the Ramsar Wetland, is a vital area with high agricultural activities, which increase the risk of contamination and pollution of air, water and soil, as well as endanger the ecological system of the area. The first survey has targeted 100 farm wells and has covered a surface of 555 ha, and the second one has targeted 71 pesticide resellers, have revealed the great uses of pesticides (13.6 kg/ha). The data collected is helping to evaluate, by using the indicator called the Treatment Frequency Indicator (TFI), the pressure of pesticides on the environment. As a methodology, we have adopted the calculation of a pressure indicator for the use of TFI pesticides using a platform called OLYMPE, by dividing the dose applied by the user over the recommended or prescribed dose on the product, the input data is collected during field surveys. The results of the survey show that the banana is the crop that undergoes the phytosanitary treatment, registering a TFI of 38. In term of the total consumption of pesticides identified, the orange tree comes at the first place ahead of other crops practised in the study area.</span></pre>

Characterization of Hydrothermal Liquid Product of Red Meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) Sawdust for Wood Preservative

In this research, Red Merantisawdust and water were mixed in a hydrothermal reactor equipped with a thermometer and pressure indicator. Experiments were conducted at the variation of the temperature of 200, 240 and 300°C; water to biomass ratio 1:10. The mixture was heated to the target temperature at an initial pressure of 1.0 MPaand then held for 30 minutes. After separated, the liquid product was applied for Sengon wood preservatives. Hence, the Sengon wood was tested for absorption, retention, weigh loss, and termite mortality. Based on experimental results, the liquid product at a temperature of 270°Cgenerated the highest absorption, retention, and termite mortality, that was 98.3291 kg/m3, 10.8479 kg/m3and 72.67% respectively. Analysis of the liquid product by GC-MS indicated that phenol compounds and organic acids are able to control microbial growth and preserve wood.