Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland

The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.

The effect of dispersants on the properties of low-cement concrete for the furnace of smelting of jewelry waste

Melting in ceramic crucible is one of the stages of recycling jewelry production. Conceptivity of concrete mass plays an important role in molding a large-scale refractory crucible to vibration. The impact of a number of commercially available dispersants (CASTAment FS 10, MELFLUX 1641 F, peramin al 200, FF7 SPEZIAL and PC-1701) on the rheology of the low-cement concrete mass of corundo-mullite-zirconium composition and the physico-mechanical properties of the material are considered. The best results were obtained using the PC-1701 dispersant.

Experimental Research on Energy Release and Fragments Characteristics Under Molten Materials Discharged Into Liquid Sodium

Hypothetical Core Disruptive Accidents (HCDA) are dominantly concerned during safety assessment and evaluation in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR). With molten core materials discharged into liquid sodium, positive reactivity is potentially introduced due to sodium boiling and molten core compaction, which can cause terrible recriticality. The possibility of recriticality and efficient cooling on the relocated debris bed are significantly affected by the fragmentation behavior of molten core in liquid sodium. With few available mechanism models and benchmarks, many investigations have been conducted on the fragmentation characteristics during molten fuel-coolant interaction (MFCI). In the present study, molten copper is used for molten simulant to be discharged into the liquid sodium pool through guiding tube based on a multifunctional experimental facility (COSA). The simulants are heated by electromagnetic induction system in customized ceramic crucible and the molten materials are controlled by magnetic lifting system to be drained through the guiding tube into the bottom liquid sodium pool. Temperature variation and pressure change in the liquid sodium pool are acquired against the energy release during MFCI. Furthermore, the fragments cleaned by water medium are measured and recorded for distribution and morphology analysis. Significant pressure pulses and temperature gradient almost not occur during MFCI and the molten copper is finely fragmented possibly due to hydrodynamic and thermodynamic effects. And the experimental results are helpful to confirm the prediction of fragmentation mechanism and to validate physical model, which can be applied to the development and validation of analysis code.

THE BURIAL OF A LOLA SMELTER IN THE STAVROPOL’ REGION

Данная работа посвящена публикации и комплексному анализу погребения мастера-литейщика лолинской культуры эпохи средней бронзы, открытого в 2012 г. в степной зоне Центрального Предкавказья, недалеко от места слияния Большого Зеленчука и Кубани (рис. 1). По результатам радиоуглеродного датирования погребение отнесено к рубежу III и II тыс. до н. э. В нем обнаружен набор орудий для металлообработки: керамические тигель-льячка и сопло, а также каменный абразив (рис. 2: 2–4; 3: 2). До помещения в могилу инструменты использовались в практических целях по своему предназначению. С применением антропологических стандартов и биоархеологических подходов были изучены костные останки индивида. Это позволило реконструировать особенности его физического развития, состояния здоровья, образа жизни и, с привлечением аналогий, подтвердить связь его прижизненной деятельности с металлообработкой. This paper presents the publication and comprehensive analysis of a smelter’s grave attributed to the Lola culture of the Middle Bronze Age discovered in the steppe zone of the Central Fore-Caucasus in 2012 not far from the confluence of the Bolshoy Zelenchuk and the Kuban’ Rivers (fig. 1). The radiocarbon dates put this burial around the transition period from the 1st to the 2nd millennia BC. It revealed a set of tools for metal working such as a ceramic crucible/clay ladle as well as a stone abrasive (fig. 2, 2–4; 3, 2). Before the tools were placed into the grave, they had been used for intended purposes. Bone remains of the deceased person were studied with the use of anthropological standards and bioarchaeological approaches. It helped reconstruct specific features of the physical development of the deceased person, his health conditions, his lifestyle and, drawing on analogies, confirm that his life activity was related to metal working.

Study of Mechanical and Wear Properties of Stir-Cast Al-Si-Cu alloy

The present work deal with an investigation of the mechanical and wear properties of eutectic Al-12.8%Si-2.5%Cu under as cast and homogenized conditions. The alloy was melted in a ceramic crucible, stirred and gravity poured into a metal mold and was then cooled under atmosphere. The stirring parameters include a stirrer speed of 400rpm at a melt temperature of 7500C for about 10 minutes. The cast specimens were homogenized in a nitrogen atmosphere crucible at a temperature of 3500C for 8 hours and furnace cooled to room temperature. The microstructure of as cast and homogenized specimen were studied under SEM. The results of SEM study showed that the Si particles were more evenly dispersed around the a-Al matrix after homogenization. This even dispersion of Si particles led to an increase in the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy. The dry sliding wear behavior was studied using a pin-on-disc machine. It is seen that the wear rate reduced with increase in sliding speed. The EDAX analysis of worn surface showed the phenomenon of lamination. It is concluded that the oxide layer formation was also a reason for increase in wear resistance of the material.

Effect Of Turbulence Modelling In Numerical Analysis Of Melting Process In An Induction Furnace

In this paper, the velocity field and turbulence effects that occur inside a crucible of a typical induction furnace were investigated. In the first part of this work, a free surface shape of the liquid metal was measured in a ceramic crucible. Then a numerical model of aluminium melting process was developed. It took into account coupling of electromagnetic and thermofluid fields that was performed using commercial codes. In the next step, the sensitivity analysis of turbulence modelling in the liquid domain was performed. The obtained numerical results were compared with the measurement data. The performed analysis can be treated as a preliminary approach for more complex mathematical modelling for the melting process optimisation in crucible induction furnaces of different types.

Cover of Cylinder Lattice Plastic Convert into Fuel

Waste plastic of cylinder lattice to liquid fuel production process was performing two step processes. 1st step process was perform muffle furnace with ceramic crucible and 2nd step process was perform glass reactor with condensation unit. Thermal degradation process was performing with furnace and temperature was 410 °C and reactor temperature was 420 °C. Muffle furnace was use for solid hard shape of plastic melting purpose and glass reactor was use for liquid slurry to produce vapor purpose. Liquid slurry to produce vapor was condensed and collected liquid fuel and fuel density is 0.75 g/ml. Liquid fuel production conversation rate was 71.05%. Fuel was analysis by GC/MS and carbon chains obtain C3 to C23 from GC/MS chromatogram. Fuel color is light yellow and fuel is ignited.

Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Formation of Fe2O3 Nanostructure during Thermal Oxidation

In this paper, effect of oxygen partial pressure on formation of Fe2O3 nanostructure during Thermal Oxidation was studied. Fe2O3 nanostructure was formed by controlling oxidation conditions (Po2) and using the method of thermal oxidation. To begin with, a piece of pure iron in a ceramic crucible was put in the tube furnace (SYS-G-Z-13). Next the metallic Fe was oxidized at 500°C for 4 hours, under different oxygen partial pressure including pure argon (Po2 = 0atm), air Po2 = 0.21atm) and pure oxygen (Po2 = 1atm) to produce nanostructure, respectively. The surface morphology of the oxidized specimens was observed by SEM. The crystalline structure of the nanostructure was determined by transmission electron microscope. The experimental results show that the density of nanosheets increases with increasing oxygen partial pressure.