scholarly journals Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Piotr Werens ◽  
Ireneusz Piwoński ◽  
Aneta Kisielewska ◽  
Marzec Violetta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Ceramic Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Crucible

The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.

scholarly journals Microstructural Characterisation of Archeologic Finds Discovered at the Ironworks in Mădăraș

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Enikő Bitay ◽  
László Márton ◽  
János Talpas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterisation

Abstract In the middle of the 16th century the ironworks of Mădăraș was one of the important centres of iron production. During its one and a half century lifespan its output provided a significant part of Transylvania’s iron supply. While it operated it used up the entire raw material extracted in the iron ore mines of the Felcsík basin. This study presents the reconstructed ground-plan of the ironworks, its layout on the shores of the Mădăraș creek, and the chemical composition and microstructure of the samples discovered during exploration of the location by means of XRF analysis, EDS analysis and metallography. The analysis of the pig iron, the steel and the slag although performed on individual samples, still provides a good approach regarding the products of the ironworks, their chemical composition and microstructural characteristics.

Contacts between the Late Roman Empire and North-Central Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Bursche
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
European Continent ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Baltic

The concept of Central Europe is understood here to cover the geographical centre of the European continent (i.e. the territory between the Elbe, Bug and Neman rivers, that is, eastern Germany, Poland, Bohemia, Slovakia and Lithuania), formerly treated in much of the English-speaking world as ‘Eastern Europe’. In the past six years, however, this area has been moving closer to the West. This paper shall concentrate on the region north of the Carpathian mountains, particularly the Vistula river-basin and Scandinavia (without Norway), in other words the territory round the Baltic Sea.

From Nowhere to “Partyslava”

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Peter Barrer
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
English Speaking

Over the past two decades, Prague has cemented itself as a tourist hotspot in the popular imagination. But what of Bratislava, long considered a “poor cousin” to Prague? What images of Bratislava have foreign publics been presented with since the fall of communism in East-Central Europe and the establishment of the Slovak Republic? Building on previous research which has examined visitors’ historical perceptions of Bratislava primarily from a German-speaking perspective, this paper seeks to map the development of Bratislava’s image in media texts from English-speaking countries since 1989 by focusing on two central motifs: Bratislava as a post-communist space and Bratislava as a locus of touristic pleasures (“Partyslava”). The images presented herein will be evaluated and contrasted with local descriptions of Bratislava, thus offering a cross-cultural perspective which will contribute to the wider discussion of popular perceptions of post-communist urban spaces in East-Central Europe.

The Past, Present, and Future of Comparative History in East Central Europe and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 328-344
Author(s):  
Wendy Bracewell ◽  
Ulf Brunnbauer ◽  
Diana Mishkova ◽  
Joachim von Puttkamer ◽  
Philipp Ther
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The Past

Transitional Justice and Changing Memories of the Past in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Roman David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Memories of wrongdoings are often viewed as an obstacle to reconciliation in divided societies. Is it due to the past or the present politics of the past? To examine the dilemma of essentialism versus presentism, this article investigates the impact of transitional justice on memories of wrongdoing. It theorizes that using different transitional justice strategies to deal with the same wrongdoing shapes memories in different ways. The theory is tested via vignette-based surveys in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, which adopted distinct lustration laws. The results show that wrongdoing is viewed through lustration laws, reflecting present power constellations, not history.

scholarly journals ​Chemistry, Nutritional Properties and Application of Mare’s Milk: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Adil ◽  
B.M. Mehta ◽  
Atanu H. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Mare’s milk has long been considered to have special nutritive and therapeutic properties in Mongolia and southern states of the former Soviet Union. It is now gaining popularity in some parts in Europe also. Mares’ milk is characterized by their unique nutritional profile. Therefore, interest has increased in the use of mare’s milk for human nutrition in the past several years, especially in France and Germany. As compared to many other mammal species, mare’s milk is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. Mare’s milk also has been used for the treatment of certain human pathologies such as hepatitis, chronic ulcer and tuberculosis. This review dwells on the chemical composition, nutritional value and various health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.

scholarly journals Cellulose Compound of Cacao Waste and Chemical Composition of Cacao Vinegar with GC-MS Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wijaya. M ◽  
Muhammad Wiharto ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cocoa Shell

<p>Potential of cacao resources at Indonesian is very dependent on the production of cacao produced by farmers and plantation availability. However, the cacao processing results are still not optimal to increase the cacao production. This is due to the disruption of pests and the number of cacao farmers over land functions for fast growing plants. Processing cacao produced cacao waste and with the use of pyrolysis technology is able to cope with the accumulation of plantation waste. This combustion results in liquid smoke of cacao (cacao vinegar) into distillate, charcoal. This study used pyrolysis temperature between 100-500 °C. The aim of this research is to analyze the cocoa waste and the results are cellulose content 17,27%, lignin 52,02% and hemicellulose 19,56%. The results of GC-MS analysis for cacao vinegar of Distric Wajo are acetic acid, n butane, methyl ester, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, cyclopenanone, 2 methyl pyridine, acetyloxy 2 propanone, butyrolactone, tetrahydro 2 furan methanol, 2,3 dimethyl 2 cyclopentene 1 on and Mequinol. The water content of the charcoal of cacao shell from Wajo district is 3.42%. The analysis results of the bound carbon content of activated charcoal of cacao shell is 54.45%. The EDS analysis for cacao shell from Wajo district resulted in C: 61.12%, O: 36.65%, Si: 0.59%, P: 1.48% and Al: 0.17%. Utilization of cocoa shell waste using pyrolysis technology can reduce carbon emissions to the environment. So that the development of everything can continue and the sustainability of forest remain sustainable.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Convention as the Source of the Avant-Garde. Remarks on the Inventiveness of Poetics of the Past

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Barbara Niebelska-Rajca
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Present Text

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1. Modern theoretical-literary treatises, defined as normative poetics, are usually connected with the dominance of the convention and normativism, with obligatory rules, canonical concepts and restrictive directives hampering originality. The present text tries to revise the conviction that convention is a dominant tendency in the development of the old theoretical thought; it tends to show the avant-garde aspects of modern poetics and to present the relations between what is conventional and what is innovative in the most original theoretical texts of late Renaissance and Baroque. Examples of two avant-garde modern poetics—Francesco Patrizi’s theory of wonder formed at the end of the 16th century and the 17th century Emanuele Tesauro’s conceptistic theory—show that tradition and convention are necessary elements of inventive theories. The avant-garde of poetics of the past, contrary to the avant-garde of the 20th century, is not born from the defiance of the earlier theories but is formed by way of modernizing and transforming them. Old inventive theories—despite all the departures from tradition—are still part of the classical paradigm. Hence, the avant-garde character of late-Renaissance and Baroque theoretical reflection consists in a peculiar synergy of convention and novelty.

scholarly journals Leksem drabant (Act 23,23) w Nowym Testamencie Biblii gdańskiej (1632) w przekładzie Daniela Mikołajewskiego

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Tomasz Lisowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Language

In a verse of Act 23,23 in Biblia gdańska (1632) translated by Daniel Mikołajewski, an equivalent of Greek lexeme δεξιόλαβος ‘probably a spearman or slinger’, the noun drabant is used, which is unique, compared to its counterpart – oszczepnik – in Biblia translated by JakubWujek (1599). It may have been borrowed from the Czech language in the second half of the 16th century. In the Polish language of the time it was not a very widespread lexeme, maybe of erudite nature. It appeared in the text of Biblia gdańska taken from the Czech Biblia kralicka. Among Protestants at that time, as a military term, it could have evoked associations with the religious Hussite Wars. The lexeme drabant survived in the biblical text of the Evangelist circles until the second half of the twentieth century. Given the fact that in that century it was already an archaic word, it was not used in new testament translations which followed the translational tradition of Biblia gdańska. And probably it became fixed in the consciousness of the faithful of Evangelist churches as a memorable reminder of the past. For centuries that lexeme, along with other lexemes characteristic of Biblia gdańska caused lexical distinctiveness of that Evangelist translation compared to the Catholic translation by Jakub Wujek.

scholarly journals Twenty years of observations of PM 1-188: Its chemical abundances and extraordinary kinematics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Peña ◽  
Liliana Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Escobedo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data

Abstract The analysis of 20 years of spectrophotometric data of the double shell planetary nebula PM 1-188 is presented, aiming to determine the time evolution of the emission lines and the physical conditions of the nebula, as a consequence of the systematic fading of its [WC 10] central star whose brightness has declined by about 10 mag in the past 40 years. Our main results include that the [O iii], [O ii], [N ii] line intensities are increasing with time in the inner nebula as a consequence of an increase in electron temperature from 11 000 K in 2005 to more than 14 000 K in 2018, due to shocks. The intensity of the same lines are decreasing in the outer nebula, due to a decrease in temperature, from 13 000 K to 7000 K, in the same period. The chemical composition of the inner and outer shells was derived and they are similar. Both nebulae present subsolar O, S and Ar abundances, while they are He, N and Ne rich. For the outer nebula the values are 12+log He/H = 11.13 ± 0.05, 12+log O/H = 8.04 ± 0.04, 12+log N/H = 7.87 ± 0.06, 12+log S/H = 7.18 ± 0.10 and 12+log Ar = 5.33 ± 0.16. The O, S and Ar abundances are several times lower than the average values found in disc non-Type I PNe, and are reminiscent of some halo PNe. From high resolution spectra, an outflow in the N-S direction was found in the inner zone. Position-velocity diagrams show that the outflow expands at velocities in the −150 to 100 km s−1 range, and both shells have expansion velocities of about 40 km s−1.

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