Historical and SEM-EDS Analysis of a 14th-16th Century Triangular Crucible from Sandomierz, Poland

The collection of the District Museum in Sandomierz holds a previously unidentified and unpublished triangular ceramic crucible. After at least fifty years since its acquisition, it was possible to obtain detailed information about its chemical composition and presumed use in the past. Based on analogies from Central Europe, it is possible to date it typologically to the 14th-16th centuries. The stamp mark on the bottom of the crucible points to Tulln in Austria as the place of its origin. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed the presence of graphite in the ceramic mass of the vessel as well as carbon and iron compounds on its inner wall, which indicates its possible use in the production of steel by carburising of iron.

Ceramic Mass Modifiers for the Production of Wall Ceramic Products

Modern methods of improving the characteristics of ceramic products by introducing modifying additives based on various industrial wastes into the composition of the ceramic mass are considered. The compositions of ceramic masses and some features of the technology of manufacturing ceramic products using industrial waste are described. A diagram for the distribution of wastes from various industries (modifiers of the ceramic mass) according to the main type of action and predominant oxides is proposed.

INFLUENCE OF VANADIUM OXIDE ADDITIVE ON THERMAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF CERAMIC MASS

A comparative study of thermal transformations of ceramic mass (CM) based on α-Al2O3 modified with vanadium oxide additives introduced into CM by wet mixing and by deposition on the surface of the CM particles using molecular layering nanotechnology was carried out. The structural and chemical transformations of the obtained compositions were characterized by differential thermal analysis under linear heating conditions at a rate of 10°С/min, in the temperature range from room temperature to 1000°C. Changes in the phase composition, specific surface area of the compositions, and the state of the modifying additive before and after heating were studied using x-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

The repair of chipped ceramics with the direct adhesive technique of self-adhesive system for fixing on a composite basis BIFIX SE (VOCO, Germany). The clinical case

Summary. The single chips of ceramic structures remain a big problem for both the patient and for the doctor, especially in the frontal area, when for some objective reason, they cannot immediately change the construction. The work is justified by the choice of materials and the method of direct restoration of a single defect is described on a zirconium basis using the BIFIX SE self-adhesive system and the Futurabond U universal adhesive (VOCO, Germany). The repair of chipped ceramics is a real necessity. And the durability of restorations directly depends on the compliance with adhesive work technique, as well as the analysis of the reasons leading to the destruction of the ceramic mass and following up the patient's regime. Key words: the chipped ceramics, direct restoration, adhesive technique, self-adhesive system for fixing.

RESEARCH OF DRYING PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASS IN THE SYSTEM «LOESSLIKE LOAM - ASH OF EKIBASTUZ HPP”

The article investigates the drying properties of ceramic mass in the system “loesslike loam - ash of Ekibastuz HPP”. Ceramdor obtained from pure loam was selected as a control sample. A change in the structural and mechanical characteristics of ceramic masses during the drying process is associated with a change in temperature and moisture content of the material. The following results were obtained: molding moisture indicators, ductility numbers decrease with increasing ash. According to the classification of clay raw materials by plasticity, loam from a moderately plastic state goes into the category of low-plastic raw materials. With an increase in ash content of up to 20%, the sensitivity coefficient to drying leads to an increase in the time of crack appearance on the samples. A slight decrease in strength indicators is observed from 5.4 to 4.5 MPa. Thus, the results serve as the basis for the development of technological parameters in order to obtain ceramdor.

FEATURES OF WORKING WITH DENTIN CERAMIC MASS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL-CERAMIC DENTURES

Вопреки доказанным преимуществам автоматизации зуботехнической лаборатории с помощью компьютерных технологий, изготовление металлокерамическмх несъемных коронок и мостовидных протезов остается востребованным в ортопедической стоматологи видом конструкции. Большой клинический опыт, отработанные технологии, надёжность и относительная простота изготовления дают им неоспоримые положительные качества. И главным моментов, определяющим их качество, долговечность и эффективность заключается в опыте, тандеме работы врача стоматолога-ортопеда и зубного мастера, и конечно же в грамотности выполнения пошаговой последовательности керамического моделирования облицовки выбранной комбинированной конструкции. Изготовление металлокерамических коронок небольшой толщины требует от зубного техника владения различными методиками нанесения керамической облицовки, знаний свойств и особенностей масс мировых производителей, тщательного соблюдения всех этапов и грамотной работы с цветовой палитрой. Создание металлокерамической конструкции предполагает последовательное получение металлического каркаса, на которй в последующем послойно наносят керамическую массу, а затем проводят ее обжиг. Среди технологических операций при создании облицовки цельнолитого металлического каркаса несъемного протеза из металлокерамики следует веделить следующие аспекты: подготовка каркаса протеза, выбор, подготовка и нанесение керамической массы, моделирование и обжиг грунтового слоя, нанесение дентинной массы, этап глазурирования. В научной работе, проведенной сотрудниками кафедры пропедевтической стоматологии ранее, дана характеристика методов моделирования керамической массы, были подробно изложены основные аспекты по обработке керамической массы горячим воздухом, формированию основного слоя керамического покрытия. В последующем, убедившись в высоком качестве грунтового покрытия, переходят к моделированию и обжигу дентинного слоя керамики. В данной статье описана подробная техника нанесения компоненотов керамических масс на опаковой слой керамической массы. Представленный метод трехэтапного нанесения керамического покрытия при изготовлении металлокерамических зубных протезов отвечает всем требованиям моделирования керамики. Следует обратить внимание на точное соблюдение правил послойного нанесения и конденсации керамических масс. Нанесение отдельных слоев керамической массы предполагает наличие опыта у зубного техника Despite the proven advantages of dental laboratory automation using computer technologies, the production of metal-ceramic fixed crowns and bridges remains a popular type of construction in orthopedic dentistry. Extensive clinical experience, proven technologies, reliability and relative ease of manufacture give them undeniable positive qualities. And the main factor that determines their quality, durability and effectiveness is the experience, the tandem work of the dentist-orthopedist and dental master, and of course the literacy of performing a step-by-step sequence of ceramic modeling of the selected combined structure. The production of metal-ceramic crowns of small thickness requires the dental technician to know various methods of applying ceramic cladding, to know the properties and features of the world's leading manufacturers, to carefully observe all stages and to work correctly with the color palette. The creation of a metal-ceramic structure involves the sequential production of a metal frame, on which the ceramic mass is subsequently applied in layers, and then it is fired. Among the technological operations when creating the veneer-cast metal framework removable denture-metal should be wadelite the following aspects: preparation of a denture, the choice, preparation and application of the ceramic mass, the modeling and firing the base coat, applying the dentinal mass, the stage of glazing applications. In the scientific work carried out by the staff of the Department of propaedeutic dentistry earlier, the characteristic of methods for modeling the ceramic mass was given, the main aspects of processing the ceramic mass with hot air, and the formation of the main layer of the ceramic coating were described in detail. After making sure that the high quality of the ground coating is used, they proceed to modeling and firing the dentin layer of ceramics. This article describes a detailed technique for applying ceramic mass components to the opaque layer of the ceramic mass. The presented method of three-stage application of ceramic coating in the manufacture of metal-ceramic dentures meets all the requirements of modeling ceramics. You should pay attention to the exact observance of the rules of layering and condensation of ceramic masses

Obtaining multichannel ceramics based on Ti3SiC2

It has been proposed to use reaction compositions for producing Ti3SiC2-based multichannel ceramics made up of regularly laid titanium rods and a silicon carbide ceramic material filling the space between the titanium rods. The physicochemical mechanism of formation of the multichannel structure of the resulting ceramic material has been studied. The key stage of the process is the reaction at 1360--1370 °C, as a result of which intense melting of titanium components occurs and subsequent infiltration of the silicon carbide ceramic mass with the resulting melt. In place of the original titanium elements hollow channels are formed.