ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES SUPPLY CHAINS: AN INPUT-OUTPUT METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

The ratio of direct tourism gross value added to internal tourism consumption varies substantially from country to country. The paper aims to analyze these differences stemming from the variation and structure of their supply chains. The analysis is based on a comparative analysis of the input-output tables of France, Italy, Spain and Croatia in 2005, 2010 and 2015 published by the OECD. The analysis is performed in three steps. In the first step, an analysis based on a technical coefficient matrix is made of the structure of accommodation and food service industries supply chains in four Mediterranean countries. The second step includes the calculation of the industry’s direct import dependence. The third step compares the effects of backward linkages of inputs. Results provide an insight into the factors that determine the different abilities of economies to generate added value and indicate the possibility of increasing the added value of tourism without increasing its physical volume. Keywords: Accommodation and food services, input-output tables, supply chain

Bringing to light a new energy path: the case of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Background In Brazil, more than 60% of the energy comes from hydroelectricity, making the system highly vulnerable in the context of global climate change, with precipitation and temperature shifts over the years. Characterized by its multiple opportunities of sources and conversion technologies for energy, biomass has a high potential to become responsible for a relevant share on the renewable energy supply. Previous studies on biomass energy production in Brazil confirm promising results. This paper highlights possibilities for biomass power generation in Minas Gerais State. To estimate the energy productivity, a Sustainable Technical Coefficient was adopted: a conservative index that considerers the portion of residues that could be used maintaining the integrity of the soil. Results This index was applied, together with the data on the silviculture and selected crops yield. The local energy demand was also calculated and compared to the potential energy production. Results show that 78% of the municipalities could have their basic energy needs and 18% of the demand for productive uses met by residues of crops and silviculture production. Conclusion For the state Minas Gerais, with its tradition of agriculture, the biomass residual energy is viable and should be considered by policymakers.

Technical Efficiency of Farms, and Fight Against Poverty: Case of the Cashew Sector in Côte d’Ivoire

Cashew was introduced in the north of Côte d’Ivoire to support the economy in the region. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical efficiency of cashew farms in Côte d’Ivoire. The technical efficiency of producers was measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, and the determinants of this efficiency were identified using a TOBIT model. Data were collected in 4 regions: GBEKE, HAMBOL, PORO and WORODOUGOU. In the four regions studied, the average technical efficiency is 49.2% in Variable Scale Efficiency (VRS) and 38.3% in Constant Return to Scale (CRS). Based on our results, the producers in the study area were not efficient. The producers who follow the good practices, have a technical coefficient estimated at 74.2%, and superior to those who follow the good practices, of which, the coefficient is estimated at 70.2%, in Variable Scale Efficiency (VRS). The technical efficiency of farms was positively influenced by the age of farms and agricultural advisory services, and negatively influenced by the pruning practice. Income from cashew farming in the study area (21,816 to 37,987 CFAF/person/year according to region) is below extreme poverty line (CFA F 122,385/year/person), leading to deteriorating cashew/food terms of trade. Cashew farming is often used as a means of land appropriation and of getting credit. Its rapid expansion has dramatically reduced land for subsistence agriculture, raising an accute food security issue. Cashew farming has helped improve poverty indicators through macroeconomic policy. However, this impetus from the agricultural sector economy remains insufficient to boost the modernization of the agricultural sector. The country still has all assets (research institutes, schools of agronomy, skills etc.) to reverse this situation. Hence the he study recommends that producers capitalize on exogenous variables which can improve agricultural efficiency. It also recommends coaching organizations to use technical efficiency measurement and identification of effectiveness determinants to better guide their coaching. As for the Government, it should redouble efforts to implement the recommended solutions in order to avoid producer impoverishment, a barrier to harmonious development in this region of Côte d’Ivoire.

Efektywność techniczna spółek Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych w latach 1994-2012

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of strategic companies owned by the Agricultural Property Agency in the period 1994-2010 using the DEA method. Between 1994 and 2012 the technical efficiency factors of CCR, BCC and coefficients of scale efficiency were characterized by a growing trend. In the universe of objects of the CCR, between 1994 and 2012 the technical coefficient of performance rose from 57.7 to 82.6%. The technical efficiency factors of the BCC ranged from 67.2% to 91.5% during the period, and scale efficiency ratios were respectively 87.0% and 90.4%. In the analysed groups of objects, the objects included in the plant breeding group (HR) and the animal breeding group (HZ) were characterized by the highest technical efficiency of CCR,BCC and scale performance. The lowest coefficients of technical efficiency were observed in the horse stables (SK).

ANALISIS KONEKTIVITAS KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN ANTAR WILAYAH PULAU UTAMA DI INDONESIA

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konektivitas sektor kelautan dan perikanan dalamsistem Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia (MP3EI) yangdilakukan pada tahun 2014. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupatabel interregional input-output (IRIO) 2010 yang telah dimutakhirkan (updating) dari IRIO 2005menggunakan metode row-augmented technical coefficient-sheet/RAS. Hasil kajian menunjukkanbahwa konektivitas sektor kelautan dan perikanan antar wilayah cenderung tinggi yang ditunjukkanoleh besarnya koefisien keterkaitan ke belakang/indeks daya penyebaran dan koefisien keterkaitan kedepan/indeks daya kepekaan lebih besar dari satu satuan unit; namun konektivitas wilayah timur denganwilayah barat masih rendah yang ditunjukkan oleh masih besarnya dominasi Pulau Jawa, Sumateradan Bali dalam aktivitas ekonomi sektor kelautan dan perikanan. Hal ini memberikan indikasi alirandistribusi belum berjalan optimal sehingga keterkaitan ekonominya juga terhambat. Untuk itu, penguatankonektivitas antar koridor ekonomi (pulau utama) termasuk pada kegiatan yang terkait dengan kelautandan perikanan merupakan strategi utama dalam mengimplementasikan MP3EI. Kebijakan yangdirekomendasikan untuk mendorong kinerja yang lebih optimal pada usaha kelautan dan perikanan,antara lain: (1) meningkatkan investasi pada sektor industri pengolahan hasil perikanan melaluipembangunan dan perbaikan infrastruktur, institusi dan sumberdaya manusia; dan (2) membangun danmemperbaiki sarana transportasi antar pulau melalui penguatan Sistem Logistik Ikan Nasional (SLIN).Title: Connectivity Analysis of Marine and Fisheries between Main IslandsRegion of IndonesiaThis study aimed to analyze the connectivity of marine and fisheries sector in Masterplan forAcceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI) system conducted in 2014study was conducted using secondary data from Tables of interregional input-output (IRIO) 2010 hadbeen updating of IRIO 2005 with row-augmented technical coefficient-sheet/RAS method. The resultsshowed that connectivity of marine and fisheries sector between regions tend to be higher which indicatedby backward linkages coefficient/index of spread and forward linkages coefficient / index of sensitivitywas higher than one unit; however connectivity between eastern and western region are still low whichindicated by magnitude dominance of Java, Sumatra and Bali islands in the economic activity of marineand fisheries sectors. This results in flow distribution is not optimal, so the economic relationship is alsoinhibited. To that end, strengthening connectivity between economic corridors (main island), including theactivities related to marine and fisheries are the main strategies in implementing MP3EI. Recommendedpolicies to encourage more optimal performance on marine and fisheries, among others: (1) increaseinvestment in fish processing industry through the development and improvement of infrastructure,institutions and human resources; and (2) establish and improve the means of transportation betweenislands through the strengthening of the National Fish Logistics System (SLIN).

Identifikasi Grade Sapi Bali Betina Bibit dan Koefisien Reproduksi Sapi Betina di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (Grade Identification and Reproductive Coefficient of Bali Cattle Breeding Female in West Nusa Tenggara Province)

<p>The goals of the research were to determine grade of Bali cattle breeding female and coefficient of reproduction of cattle breeding farm in NTB. Research was conducted in West Lombok Regency representing Lombok Island and Dompu Regency representing Sumbawa Island. Determination of cattle grade was carried out by measuring body weight, body length, shoulder height, and girth circle, as well as exterior observation, followed by data analysis with statistical descriptive tool. In order to know coefficient of reproduction, interviewed were implemented to the farmers (respondents), and then data were analyzed descriptively with the aid of table. Results of the study indicated that with the criteria of Directorate General of Livestock Services (DGLS) 2006, based on shoulder height (HS), grade of Bali cattle breeding female in NTB could be classified into: grade I = 36.5%; II = 49%; III = 7.5%; and non grade (NG) = 7%; based on body length (BL): grade I = 38.5%; II = 46%; III = 7.5%; and NG = 8%. When classification was considered based on island region, it showed that grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Sumbawa was better than that of in Lombok islands. Grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Lombok Island, based on HS was found as the following: grade I = 19.8%; II = 62%; III = 11%; and NG = 7%; while based on BL: grade I = 18.8%; II = 61%; III = 10%; and NG = 9%. Grade of Bali cattle breeding female in Sumbawa Island, based on HS was as the following: grade I = 57%; II = 34%; III = 3%; and NG = 7%; while based on BL: grade I = 61%; II = 29%; III = 4%; and NG = 6%. From technical coefficient of reproduction view point, the calving interval and weaning calf age were still quite long, about 15 and 6 months, respectively.</p><p>(Key words: Grade of Bali cattle breeding, Coefficient of reproduction, Bali cattle breeding female)<br /><br /></p>

I-O COEFFICIENTS IMPORTANCE: A FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH

In inter-industry studies, the technical coefficients have been analyzed with different methods in order to recognize those coefficients that can be considered to be important for an economy. Many critics have been posed to the procedures, the most remarkable one being their lack of connectivity with the values of the absolute flows behind the coefficients. In our approach, we define the importance of a technical coefficient as a fuzzy concept, and the grade of importance takes into account those absolute flows. This grade can be considered as a membership function, which is used to define a fuzzy graph associated to the I-O matrix. We apply this new procedure to the Spanish 2000 I-O matrix and compare our results to those reached by classical methods.