COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT BASED ECOTOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA IN SABANG REGENCY

This study aims to determine the resources that have the potential to be developed into ecotourism in the coastal area of Sabang Regency, to determine the physical and social carrying capacity of the coastal area of Sabang to tourism activities, to formulate a model of ecotourism development based on Community Empowerment that is appropriate for managing the coastal area of Weh Island. Qualitative descriptive methods were used in determining the physical carrying capacity, surveys of community perceptions with respondents of local resident Sabang and surveys of visitor satisfaction to obtain information and analyze tourism potential in the City of Sabang and feasibility for ecotourism development. The results obtained from natural resources of marine tourism have the potential to be developed into ecotourism in the coastal area of the city of Sabang, especially in Iboh Beach, Rubiah Island, and Sumur Tiga Beach. The physical and social support capacity of the coastal area of Sabang for tourism activities is very good, so it deserves to be a national and international mainstay tourism with the concept of empowering the existing community by continuing to promote, improve and add tourism supporting infrastructure, and add national and international events in Sabang.

Overtourism Perception in the Islands: the Case of Bozcaada and Gökçeada

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of over tourism on the two touristic islands in Çanakkale, Bozcaada and Gökçeada, from the eyes of the local people. Overtourism emphasizes that an excessive number of tourists in a particular destination can have negative effects on society. In this study, the phenomenon of overtourism has been discussed on the basis of social carrying capacity and Doxey's irridex-tolarate model. In line with this purpose, the perception of the local people about the effects of tourism, problems caused by tourists and their attitudes towards tourists were evaluated with 260 data using the survey method. The data were analyzed by performing T-Test and regression analysis in the statistical package program. According to the research findings, although there is a positive perception towards tourism in the islands, there are also problems caused by tourism. It can be said that Bozcaada is experiencing an overtourism problem due to reasons such as being a small island compared to Gökçeada. It can be said that Gökçeada is at the first stage, at the satisfaction level, although it is thought Bozcaada is the satisfaction level of Doxey’s model. With this study, the social carrying capacity of the two islands in Çanakkale has been put forward theoretically, and the local people's perception of overtourism has been discussed on the basis of the Doxey theory. So, in practice, sustainable tourism planning on the islands can be done by taking these findings into consideration.

Tourism carrying capacity and Social Carrying capacity: A literature review

In driving sustainable tourism, the concept of carrying capacity in tourism needs to be applied. This concept of carrying capacity gives a comprehensive emphasis in the development of tourism whether in physical, social or economic aspects. If this concept is applied, it is in determining the situation in a tourist destination whether it is still in a state that can be accepted by the stakeholders in tourism, namely tourists, locals and tour operators. In this paper, emphasis is given to social carrying capacity in tourism which is one of the parts in tourism carrying capacity. This social capacity is the most difficult part to examine because it involves unequal perceptions and views from various parties. It involves interactions between tourists and tourists that cover issues of congestion and the quality of their tourism and interactions between tourists and locals or hosts that involve issues of their quality of life. Due to that, this social capacity is quite difficult to implement in some tourist areas.

Assessing Social Carrying Capacity of Tourism Destinations with Random Utility Models*

Some local visitors or tourists avoid visiting resorts because they have experienced or anticipate overcrowding. Hence, policymakers are concerned to monitor congestion levels. The paper proposes the use of the elasticity of the probability of visiting a destination with respect to increases in congestion, from a random utility framework. More precisely, random parameter logit model is estimated. The advantage of this approach is that it captures not only the current level of congestion but other aspects, such as the sensitivity of different destinations towards crowding and different visitors’ concern about congestion and their probabilities of visiting alternative destinations. It is shown that the rate of change of the elasticity increases with the number of visitors, capturing the expected underlying non-linear relationship such that, when the number of visitors is low, the index is also low but increases exponentially with the influx of new visitors.

Social Acceptance of Aquaculture in Andalusian Atlantic Coast (Spain): An Emerging Economy Sector

Aquaculture is an important source of food. This document analyses its acceptance by consumers from the perspective of social carrying capacity. This concept determines the point at which its development begins to be excessive, and poses difficulties to its geographical area. In this context, our work is innovative, since, although Spain is the leading aquaculture producer in the European Union, not much research on this aspect has been developed. With this objective, we carried out 579 personal interviews with consumers from the Andalusian Atlantic coast (Spain), to determine an index of acceptance for this food and its industry. After applying a principal component analysis, we stratified the samples following Dalenius-Hodges method. According to our surveys, there is a high level of acceptance, which would place aquaculture far from its saturation point, the level at which this sector generates relevant problems for society in terms of economy or environment. Respondents also recommended its further development. Women and low-income consumers were the groups with the greatest reticence about this sector. We consider that general acceptance would be improved by implementing informative campaigns, especially for these groups, that would extend consumers’ knowledge and improve their perception of this kind of food.