scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation and Biochemical Profiles of Microalgae as Potential Human Health Supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 437-441
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract: Food supplements industries, an important place must be assigned to nutraceuticals containing microalgae, nowadays accounting for a large and rapidly expanding market. The marketed products are mainly based on production strains, i.e., Spirulina and Chlorella in the composite situation, since two of them are cyanobacteria and the second one is eukaryotic. In the marketed form and several utilizations, and peculiarities that need special attention and adequate studies. General report is about the current scientific knowledge on each microalga, in particular the nutritional value and properties in prevention and wellbeing. Second, original studies are presented concerning the quality control of marketed products. Quality control is act as key argument in nutraceuticals validation. Microalgae one of particular organisms that need specific approaches to check identity and validate properties of microalgae. The paper is dedicated to the need for specificity in uses and to considerations about the future of microalgae in food supplements in our daily needs. India is a country with heterogenic population having diverse food habits become a driving force in the shift towards a greater recognition between diet and health care in research the use of few natural unprocessed foods like blue-green algae “spirulina” which has a galaxy of nutrients as diet supplements. The purpose of the present review is to compile evidence regarding the health benefits of spirulina, amount of evidence on health benefits are its effect in preventing anaemia, blood sugar and obesity many health diseases. Keywords: Microalgae, Nutraceuticals, Omega fatty acids, Phycocyanin, Spirulina: Blue-Green Algae.

scholarly journals Improved Method for the Determination of Anatoxin-a and Two of Its Metabolites in Blue-Green Algae Using Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea F K Rawn ◽  
Benjamin P-Y Lau ◽  
Barbara Niedzwiadek ◽  
James F Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Abstract Anatoxin-a, a neurotoxin produced by blue-green algae (BGA) species, can cause death to exposed organisms. In North America, BGA are harvested and sold as food supplements, some of which contain elevated levels of other algal toxins, such as microcystins. Concern that elevated levels of anatoxin-a also may be present in BGA food supplements has led to the development of a simple method to determine the presence of anatoxin-a in BGA. Some researchers have successfully analyzed this compound using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection by forming a fluorescent derivative with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-F) in water and phytoplankton extracts. With this method, the background noise is high in BGA extracts due to the presence of co-extractives. Addition of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and mercaptoethanol to the extract before addition of the NBD-F resulted in the successful removal of primary amines from the background noise when the NBD-F derivatives were detected with fluorescence. Improved chromatograms were obtained when extracts were cleaned up in this manner, leading to a lower detection limit (approximately 50 μg/kg) for anatoxin-a. The detection limits obtained for the 2 degradation products dihydroanatoxin-a and epoxyanatoxin-a in BGA extracts were similarly low (55 and 65 μg/kg, respectively).

Rapid surface plasmon resonance immunobiosensor assay for microcystin toxins in blue-green algae food supplements

Talanta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vinogradova ◽  
Martin Danaher ◽  
Andrew Baxter ◽  
Mary Moloney ◽  
Danielle Victory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Blue Green Algae

ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods for determining cyanobacterial toxins in blue-green algae food supplements

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bruno ◽  
M. Fiori ◽  
D. Mattei ◽  
S. Melchiorre ◽  
V. Messineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Anatoxin-a and Its Metabolites in Blue-Green Algae Food Supplements from Canada and Portugal

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTHEA F. K. RAWN ◽  
BARBARA NIEDZWIADEK ◽  
BENJAMIN P.-Y. LAU ◽  
MARTIN SAKER
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Blue-green algae and spirulina are marketed in health food stores and over the Internet as food supplements in Canada, the United States, and Europe. The reported benefits of consuming these products include improved digestion, strengthening of the immune system, and relief from the symptoms of attention deficit disorder. Some of these products have been found to contain elevated concentrations of microcystins, which are known hepatotoxins. In addition to producing microcystins, Anabaena sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. also produce the potent neurotoxin anatoxin-a. Samples of food supplements containing blue-green algae and spirulina were collected in Portugal and from urban centers across Canada in 2005. Extracts of these supplements were analyzed to determine the presence and concentrations of anatoxin-a and its two main metabolites, dihydroanatoxin-a and epoxyanatoxin-a. Initial analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, and confirmation required the use of LC with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The HPLC with fluorescence detection indicated no anatoxin-a, but four samples were suspected to contain either dihydroanatoxin-a or epoxyanatoxin-a at 0.1 to 0.2 μg/g. LC-MS-MS results, however, indicated no trace of either transformation product in any sample analyzed. The detection limits for anatoxin-a, dihydroanatoxin-a, and epoxyanatoxin-a were similar for both fluorescence detection (0.2 to 0.3, 0.4 to 1.4, and 0.2 to 1.5 pg on the column, respectively) and mass spectrometry (0.3 to 1.5, 0.3 to 0.8, and 0.5 to 0.8 pg on the column, respectively). Because of the higher specificity of the LC-MS-MS analysis, all tested food supplement samples were considered free of anatoxin-a and its transformation products.

Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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