Experimental study on the proliferating activity and differentiation of renal stem cells in superinvasive opisthorchiasis

AIM: This study aimed to identify the replication potential of the kidneys in different forms of opisthorchiasis in laboratory animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was conducted on 60 Syrian male hamsters. The first group was set as the control (n = 10), the second group (n = 25) was infected with metacercariae (Opisthorchis felineus), and the third group (n = 25) was a model of a superinvasive form of opisthorchiasis infection with 50 O. felineus larvae and repeated infection with 50 metacercariae in 14 and 25 days. The hamsters were withdrawn from the experiment on days 7, 15, and 30 via an overdose of narcosis and decapitation. The kidneys were isolated and histologically examined through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Microscopy was conducted, and results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The quantitative characteristics, proliferation tendencies, and differentiation of regional stem cells were identified. In the cortical and medullary substance of the kidneys, CD117, Oct4, and CD34 markers were expressed, and CD31-positive stem cells further differentiated to progenitor cells. Epithelial structures developed in the form of tubules. In the glomeruli, vasculogenesis occurred, and the number of vascular loops increased. CONCLUSION: O. felineus secretome initiated the activation of stem cells in the renal tubules and pericytes of a microcirculatory network. The transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis and the initial parts of the ureter proliferated. Under the action of the secretome of parasites, stem cells proliferated directly in glomerular loops.

Peculiarities of the effects of a high-calorie diet on the structural components of the lymph nodes and under melatonin correction

Obesity is a chronic recurrent disease that is manifested by excess accumulation of adipose tissue and is a consequence of an imbalance in energy utilization and consumption in persons with or without hereditary predisposition. The purpose of the study is to study the morphometric and histological changes of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of rats in experimental obesity and under the conditions of melatonin correction. The study was performed on 66 white rats of reproductive age. Microanatomy of the structural components of lymph nodes of white rats under physiological norms was examined in 10 intact animals. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups. Eight weeks after the experimental animals were on a high calorie diet (HCD), there was a significant decrease in the relative area of the cortical substance in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of white rats of males and females by 10.3% and 8.3%, respectively, and an increase in the relative area of the medullary substance by 16.1% and 13.2%, respectively, compared to an intact group of animals. The relative area of the cortical substance in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of white rats, which were for two weeks on HCD, then six weeks on HCD and melatonin, exceeds the parameters of the intact group of animals by only 3.2% in males and 3.5% in females. The relative area of the medullary substance is less than that of the intact group of animals by 5.0% in males and 5.5% in females. Under the conditions of melatonin correction it is found that the germinal centers of the secondary lymph nodes in the cortical substance are slightly increased. Trabecules extending from the capsule are clearly expressed and thickened, while arteries and arterioles show thickened walls and are full-blooded. Moreover, the veins are enlarged and full-blooded.

MORPHOMETRIC AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC CHANGES OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF LYMPH NODES DURING CORRECTION OF THE ACTION OF SODIUM GLUTAMATE WITH ORLISTAT

The aim: To study morphometric and electron microscopic changes in the parenchyma of rat lymph nodes under the action of sodium glutamate and its correction by orlistat. Materials and methods: The article presents and analyzes the data of an experimental study conducted on 66 white male rats and females of reproductive age. Experimental animals are divided into 4 groups. Results: After six weeks of exposure to monosodium glutamate, there was a significant decrease in the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph nodes of white male and female rats by 11.95% and 9.31% and, respectively, an increase in the relative area of the medullary substance by 18.76% and 14.7% in compared with an intact group of animals. After six weeks of sodium glutamate and the next six weeks of the standard diet of vivarium and orlistat, the relative area of the cortical substance in the lymph node parenchyma was 2.55% and 0.38% more than the parameters of the intact group of animals, respectively. Accordingly, the relative area of the medullary substance decreased and was 4.01% and 0.59% less compared to the intact group of animals. Conclusions: Electron microscopic examination showed that monosodium glutamate causes changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes as in a high-calorie diet. The introduction of orlistat (xenical) leads to a partial restoration of the structural organization, and hence the function of this organ.

THE EFFECT OF АFOBAZOL ON THE NEUROAMINE STATUS OF THE THYMUS OF WHITE RATS

Often used in medical practice drug Afobazol has a wide range of actions. The paper describes the morphological changes of neuroamine-containing structures of the thymus of white rats with long-term (8 weeks) afobazole administration. By fluorescent histochemistry was determined by the content of catecholamines, histamine, and serotonin in the structures of the thymus. Under the influence of afobazole, the luminescent picture in the structures of the thymus changes, the clear boundary between the cortical and medullary substance of the thymus lobe is erased. The introduction of Afobazole leads to a decrease in the concentration of biogenic amines in premedullary GLA and an increase in the concentration in the microenvironment, which indicates a decrease in the amino-producing properties of these cells and the release of neurotransmitters from GLA.

Structural changes of lymph nodes under high calorie diet and melatonin correction

The article presents and analyzes data from an experimental study conducted on white rats in females and males of reproductive age. The purpose of the study to study the morphometric and histological changes in the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of rats under the high-calorie diet (HCD) and with the correction of melatonin. The study was performed on 80 white rats of reproductive age. Microanatomy of the structural components of lymph nodes of white rats under physiological norms was examined in 10 intact animals. Experimental animals are divided into 5 groups. Statistical processing of digital data was performed using “Excel” software and “STATISTICA 6.0” using the parametric method. Eight weeks after HCD, there was a significant decrease in the relative area of the cortical substance in the parenchyma of lymph nodes of white rats of males and females by 10.3 % and 8.3 %, respectively, and an increase in the relative area of the medullary substance by 16.1 % and 13.2 %, respectively, greater than the intact animal group parameter. Corticomedullary index (CMI) decreased by 22.9 % and 19.0 %. After six weeks of HCD and the next six weeks of standard vivarium diet and melatonin administration, the relative area of cortical substance in the parenchyma of lymph nodes of white rats in males and females was 2.0 % and 2.9 %, respectively, greater than the parameters of the intact group of animals. Accordingly, the relative area of the medullary substance is 3.1 % and 4.6 % less than the parameters of the intact group of animals. CMI in both male and male rats was 5.1 % and 7.6 %, respectively, greater than the intact animal group parameter. Under the conditions of melatonin correction, it was found that on the histological preparations of lymph nodes the vein and artery were full-blooded. Empty hemocapillaries with thickened wall are observed. In the paracortical region, the number of high endothelial capillary venules decreases. Thus, long-term administration of melatonin improves the morphometric parameters of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of rats, restores the morphological structure of the organ.

Influence of probiotics on histostructure of the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chickens

The article deals with the data on the influence of probiotic preparation BPS-44 and 2% yeast Saccharomyces cerеvisiae on the histostructure of tissues of the cloacal sac (bursa of Fabricius) of broiler chickens. The conducted histological researches have shown that in chickens of the control group at the end of the experiment in the cloacal sac were revealed intraepithelial microcystic cavities, but in the medullary substance of the lymph nodes, necrotic changes are recorded and glandular structures are formed, indicating an insufficient level of lymphopoiesis. The use of these probiotic preparations to broilers from the experimental groups during the period of their growth in the ration caused a normalizing effect on the morphostructure of the cloacal sac and, in particular, on the action of 2% yeast Saccharomyces cerеvisiae. It is evidenced by the absence of the formation of microscystic cavities in the epithelial layer of the cloacal sac (signs of slowing down the processes of age involution). In this case, the lymph nodes are numerical, the division into cortical and medullar substance is clear, they were densely populated with lymphoid elements, indicating the possibility of forming an adequate immune response in the poultry of this group.

Merino birthcoat fibre types and their follicular origin

The great majority of the fibre-type arrays from the backs of eighty Merino lambs were Plain (including Coarse Plain); Plateau and other arrays also occurred. In most samples no medulla could be seen in the pre-natal parts of halo-hairs examined in benzene, but the presence of medullary substance was demonstrated. All HH were shed and apparently replaced by fine fibres. The shape of the tip curls of early CT fibres in some samples altered with age, apparently by 'setting' in a line of yolk. HH grades ranged from I to VII and there were probable strain differences in grade and medullation.A total of 599 primary and 2595 secondary follicles and their fibres were identified by dissection. Primary follicles contained HH, SS, Sk, or early CT fibres, secondary follicles only CT or Hi. Sickle fibres commonly occupied most of the PL follicles except where the array was Plateau.

II. The development of the thymus, epithelial bodies, and thyroid in the marsupialia. Part II.—Phascolarctos, phascolomys, and perameles

The occurrence of a cervical thymus gland in the Koala was first recorded by Symington (61) in 1900. This investigator examined one example of Phascolarctos cinereus measuring 30 cm. in length and found two thymus lobes in the neck lying in close contact with one another in the median plane, the right lobe slightly overlapping the left. The larger lobules were made up of cortical and medullary substance, in the last of which were Hassall's corpuscles. No thoracic thymus was present. Johnstone (26), in 1898, had previously examined two specimens of the same species measuring 20 cm. from the snout to the root of the tail, but in neither did he find any trace of a thymus either in the thorax or the neck. As regards the Wombat, Symington (60), in 1898, dissected three adult examples of Phascolomys, in all of which a cervical thymus was observed. It consisted of two lateral lobes placed just below the skin and the platysma, parallel with the median plane and overlapped by the submaxillary gland. On the right side of the thorax of one specimen an irregularly shaped thymic lobule, about 18 mm. long, was seen in some loose fat in front of the large vessels and the upper part of the pericardium, but no corresponding structure was present on the left. Symington at the same time remarked that the study of the development of the thymus ought to yield interesting results.