Experimental study on the proliferating activity and differentiation of renal stem cells in superinvasive opisthorchiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Rinat M. Uruzbaev ◽  
Vitaly G. Bychkov ◽  
Larisa V. Vikhareva ◽  
Olga A. Molokova

AIM: This study aimed to identify the replication potential of the kidneys in different forms of opisthorchiasis in laboratory animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was conducted on 60 Syrian male hamsters. The first group was set as the control (n = 10), the second group (n = 25) was infected with metacercariae (Opisthorchis felineus), and the third group (n = 25) was a model of a superinvasive form of opisthorchiasis infection with 50 O. felineus larvae and repeated infection with 50 metacercariae in 14 and 25 days. The hamsters were withdrawn from the experiment on days 7, 15, and 30 via an overdose of narcosis and decapitation. The kidneys were isolated and histologically examined through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods. Microscopy was conducted, and results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The quantitative characteristics, proliferation tendencies, and differentiation of regional stem cells were identified. In the cortical and medullary substance of the kidneys, CD117, Oct4, and CD34 markers were expressed, and CD31-positive stem cells further differentiated to progenitor cells. Epithelial structures developed in the form of tubules. In the glomeruli, vasculogenesis occurred, and the number of vascular loops increased. CONCLUSION: O. felineus secretome initiated the activation of stem cells in the renal tubules and pericytes of a microcirculatory network. The transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis and the initial parts of the ureter proliferated. Under the action of the secretome of parasites, stem cells proliferated directly in glomerular loops.

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2021081073
Author(s):  
Melissa Little ◽  
Benjamin Humphreys

Fifteen years ago, this journal published a review outlining future options for regenerating the kidney. At that time, stem cell populations were being identified in multiple tissues, the concept of stem cell recruitment to a site of injury was of great interest, and the possibility of postnatal renal stem cells was growing in momentum. Since that time, we have seen the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells, substantial advances in our capacity to both sequence and edit the genome, global and spatial transcriptional analysis down to the single-cell level, and a pandemic that has challenged our delivery of health care to all. This article will look back over this period of time to see how our view of kidney development, disease, repair, and regeneration has changed and envision a future for kidney regeneration and repair over the next 15 years.


Author(s):  
Lulu Ji ◽  
Lin Wang

Human placenta is vital for fetal development, and act as an interface between the fetus and the expecting mother. Abnormal placentati on underpins various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Despite the important role of placenta, the molecular mechanisms governing placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification is poorly understand. It is mostly due to the lack of appropriate model system. The great various in placental types across mammals make it limit for the use of laboratory animals in studying human placental development. However, over the past few years, alternative methods have been employed, including human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human trophoblast stem cell, and 3-dimensional organoids. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human development, differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and current human placental trophoblast model systems.


2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2123-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqian Guan ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Haiqiang Zou ◽  
Xiaoming Yan ◽  
Chunsong Zhao ◽  
...  

Background: Human fetal striatum-derived neural stem cells (hfsNSCs) are important in regenerative medicine; however, their ability to self-renew diminishes quickly following passages in culture. Typically when hfsNSC-derived neurospheres are dissociated by accutase, more than 90% of the cells survive, but only 6-8% of the cells are able to form secondary neurospheres. Our hypothesis is that the hfsNSCs that are unable to form new neurospheres become apoptotic. Methods/Results: Because the NSC apoptosis process has never been characterized in detail, we characterized hfsNSC apoptosis using multiparameter analysis and determined that the majority of hfsNSCs undergo apoptosis after passaging, which leads to a reduction in self-renewal. The replacement of trituration with vortexing decreases apoptosis, increases self-renewal, and does not affect NSC differentiation. When we used live cell staining with Annexin V, Hoechst 33342, and PI together, the apoptotic index was in agreement with what could be obtained using fixed-cell staining methods, including TUNEL and activated caspase-3 immunocytochemistry. NSC apoptosis could be divided into 9 stage types based on our live cell assay. Several types during early and late stages had similar staining profiles that could be further discriminated based on cell size. Conclusion: Apoptosis largely contributes to the low self-renewal of neurospheres, and replacing trituration with vortexing aided in alleviating NSC apoptosis. Multiparameter analysis is required for the identification of NSC apoptosis, particularly when live cell staining is used.


Author(s):  
Sergei P. Rubnikovich ◽  
Igor D. Volotovsky ◽  
Yulia L. Denisova ◽  
Тatiana E. Vladimirskaya ◽  
Vasilina A. Andreeva ◽  
...  

A promising scope of modern scientific research is the use of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of periodontal tissues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature of morphological changes in the pathologically altered periodontal tissues after injection of a biotransplant containing mesenchymal stem cells of the adipose tissue immobilized on a collagen carrier in an animal experiment. In the experiment, 60 randobbred females of white rats were used as a model, whose adipose tissue was taken to obtain allogenic mesenchymal stem cells. All animals were divided into 5 groups, depending on the planned method of treatment – 10 rats each. The control group consisted of 10 laboratory animals with healthy gingiva. The experimental gingival recession model was created by the V-shaped excision of periodontal tissues. The bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % in isolated form determines the fibrosis intensification and serves as a “matrix” for the formation of a fibrous tissue, ensures the adhesion of stem cells and their transformation into pro- and fibroblasts. Injection of a cell transplant suspension into physiological saline activates the processes of cell proliferation and transformation of fibroblast differentiating cells. Suspension of the cell transplant on a sterile bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % enhances the effects of gel and stem cells, promotes the leveling of atrophic and dystrophic changes in the gum, strengthening a mechanical component, reducing the recession of the gum and the depth of the gingival pocket.


2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yu Grebnev ◽  
A P Yastrebov ◽  
I Yu Maklakova

Aim. To study the changes of splenic morphometric parameters in aged laboratory animals exposed to ionizing radiation in the dose of 4Gr after multipotent mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Methods. The experiments were conducted on 72 white male laboratory mice at the third year of life with the body weight of 50 g. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells were obtained from 8 laboratory female mice with the body weight of 30 g aged 3-4 months, the gestation term was 14 days. The first group (36 animals exposed to radiation) was subdivided to 2 subgroups of 18 animals each. The suspension of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (6 000 000 cells/kg) and hematopoietic stem cells (330 000 cells/kg) was introduced as single intravenous injection to the experimental subgroup (18 animals) 1 hour after the animals were exposed to radiation. The animals of control subgroup (18 animals) were injected 0.2 ml of normal saline. The second group included two subgroups 18 mice each that underwent the same procedure without being exposed to radiation. 9 animals from each group were withdrawn from the study at 1st and 7th day each. The lymphoid follicle gross area, area of the T-cell and B-cell zones, general numbers of cells in the red pulp of spleen, including erythrocyte and lymphocyte count, were measured in splenic histologic specimens using the morphometric «BioVision 2008» software. Results. It was shown that on the 7th day after exposure to ionizing radiation followed by stem cells transplantation, the area of thymus-independent zone of lymphoid follicle restored back to normal ranges. The effect of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells transplantation also resulted in the increase of the number of cells in the red pulp of spleen. There were no significant changes observed in numbers of erythroid cells and white blood cells in the spleen red pulp compared to control subgroup. At the same time, the leukocyte number in the red pulp of spleen restored to normal values. Conclusion. The restoration of the basic morphometric parameters in spleen of aged laboratory animals exposed to ionizing radiation may be explained be increased homing of splenic colony-forming units with subsequent activation of extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen, and apoptosis-reducing effect of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5415-5423
Author(s):  
D. O. BEZERRA ◽  
◽  
E. R. D. F. S. SILVA ◽  
M. L. GOIS ◽  
Y. K. P. CARVALHO ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
R.M. Uruzbaev ◽  
E.D. Khadieva ◽  
N.V. Zharkov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Kopylova ◽  
L.V. Vikhareva ◽  
...  

Superinvasive opisthorchiasis involves many body systems in the pathological process. The parasite, due to its unique characteristics, changes numerous genes, and contributes to proliferative processes. Stem cells are initiated and subsequently differentiated along various cell lineages. The liver and pancreas are econiches, where parasites vegetate for a long time. However, there is no available information on the dynamics of proliferative pancreatic changes and various histogenetic pathways. The aim of the paper is to reveal the proliferative activity of pancreatic stem cells in superinvasive opisthorchiasis and their differentiation. Materials and Methods. Fragments of pancreatic tissue were selected and analyzed in departments of morbid anatomy of medical institutions located on the territory of the hyperendemic focus (Tyumen region, Omsk region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug). The following groups were formed: Group 1 – patients with a history of superinvasive opisthorchiasis with a more than 10-year invasion (n=70); Group 2 – patients without invasion with all-cause mortality (n=10). The material was subjected to routine histological examination. The authors used histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods and performed statistical analysis. Results. The authors observed marked proliferative reactions in the epithelial layer of the duct system, the secretory section of the pancreas, as well as changes in the endocrine apparatus. The histological types of pancreatic endocrine formations were revealed, namely, normal, hyperplastic and newly formed islets of Langerhans. The difference between the newly formed islets and the preexisting forms was in a disorderly arrangement, an indefinite shape, significantly larger sizes, and in the absence or presence of a forming capsule. The newly formed islets contained cells similar to preexisting endocrinocytes. Conclusion. Under the influence of the Opisthorchis felineus secretome, there occurs initiation and differentiation of pancreatic stem cells. Newly formed clusters of endocrine cells are formed, but they have the characteristics of the preexisting endocrine apparatus and secretory cells with exocrine properties. Key words: pancreas, opisthorchiasis, secretion, superinvasion, stem cells, differentiation. Суперинвазионный описторхоз – заболевание, при котором в патологический процесс вовлекаются многие системы организма. Паразит вследствие своих уникальных свойств изменяет многочисленные гены, дает начало пролиферативным процессам. Происходит инициация стволовых клеток с последующей дифференцировкой их по линиям различных дифферонов. Печень и поджелудочная железа являются эконишами, где длительное время вегетируют паразиты, однако сведений о динамике пролиферативных изменений в железе с рассмотрением различных гистогенетических путей в литературе не представлено. Цель работы. Выявить пролиферативную активность стволовых клеток поджелудочной железы при суперинвазионном описторхозе и их дифференцировку. Материалы и методы. Фрагменты ткани поджелудочной железы были отобраны для изучения в патологоанатомических отделениях медицинских учреждений, расположенных на территории гиперэндемического очага (Тюменская, Омская области, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ). Сформированы следующие группы: 1 группа – лица, в анамнезе которых имелся суперинвазионный описторхоз с длительностью инвазии более 10 лет (n=70); 2 группа – лица без инвазии, умершие от случайных причин (n=10). Материал подвергался рутинному гистологическому исследованию, использовались гистохимические и иммуногистохимические методы окрашивания, проводился статистический анализ. Результаты. Обнаружены выраженные пролиферативные реакции в эпителиальном пласте протоковой системы, секреторном отделе поджелудочной железы и изменения структуры эндокринного аппарата. Выявлены гистологические типы эндокринных образований поджелудочной железы: островки Лангерганса обычного строения, гиперплазированные и новообразованные островки. Отличие последних от предсуществующих форм состояло в беспорядочном расположении, неопределенной форме, существенно более крупных размерах, отсутствии или наличии формирующейся капсулы. Новообразованные островки содержали аналогичные клетки, обладающие идентичными свойствами предсуществующих эндокриноцитов. Выводы. При воздействии секретома Opisthorchis felineus происходит инициация и дифференцировка стволовых клеток поджелудочной железы с формированием новообразованных скоплений эндокринных клеток со свойствами предсуществующего эндокринного аппарата и секреторных клеток с экзокринными свойствами. Ключевые слова: поджелудочная железа, описторхоз, секретом, суперинвазия, стволовые клетки, дифференцировка.


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