A Collection of Multimodal Melanoma Data

Computer-aided diagnosis, prognosis and therapy systems have been of great interest for a number of years. The availability of big volumes of data and of powerful computational resources have allowed artificial intelligence approaches to emerge in melanoma related studies. However, for such approaches to have good predictive performances data availability is of crucial importance. Melanoma related imaging, biological and clinical data can be found partially and scattered in various repositories. Thus, in this work, we assemble in a web accessible database, named ebioMelDB, the widest collection of clinical and dermoscopy images accompanied with patient clinical data and the widest collection of RNA-Seq gene expression data accompanied with patient clinical data. The database organization allows users to select the data that are appropriate for their application of interest (diagnosis, prognosis and therapy). Keywords: melanoma database, integrated data, dermoscopy, imaging, RNA-Seq, clinical data.

Radiation treatment methods in uveal melanoma

Background: The most frequent primary ocular malignancy in the western world is the uveal melanoma. While it mainly affects Caucasians, it is extremely uncommon among non-Caucasians. Continuous improvement in therapies for local treatment has allowed sparing of the eye, although this approach apparently does not improve survival. The present review aimed to explain different radiotherapy (RT) methods and compare the pros and cons of each method, along with the main complications that may be encountered in the treatment of uveal melanoma. Methods: Relevant papers published in English between January 2010 and January 2021 were retrieved, reviewed, and screened. Four databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and GeneCards, were searched for this purpose. Results: Forty-one relevant articles were identified. Based on the selected papers, we highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the different RT methods that have allowed sparing of the eye, even though they have not, as yet, improved survival. We listed a detailed comparison between therapies that allow an educated choice among the different available RT methods. Conclusions: The choice of uveal melanoma management is determined by the location of the tumor and volume of the extraocular extent. At present, there is no gold standard for the management of all ocular melanomas, and each case should be approached individually. Therefore, classification is a valuable prognostic tool. Many cases in cT3-4 classification categories are treated by primary enucleation and conservative treatment follow-up, while in cT2 and most cT1 classifications (i.e., 3.1–6.0-mm tumor thickness), several forms of RT are used. Keywords: melanoma of the uvea, choroidal melanoma, radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radioisotope brachytherapy, proton beam therapy, classification

Sistem Pengenalan Jenis Kanker Melanoma pada Citra MenggunakanGray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) dan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classifier

AbstrakMelanoma dikategorikan sebagai bentuk kanker kulit yang paling berbahaya menurut skincancer.org. Kanker kulit ini bertumbuh dan berkembang oleh kerusakan DNA pada sel-sel kulit yang umumnya disebabkan oleh radiasi ultraviolet dari matahari. Pada penelitian ini dibuatkan suatu sistem yang dapat membantu pihak medis untuk memprediksi suatu tipe atau jenis dari suatu kanker melanoma dengan proses antara lain, optimalisasi postprocessing melalui morphological closing, pembentukan matriks-matriks gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) untuk pengekstraksian fitur-fitur tekstur statistika dan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) sebagai metode klasifikasinya. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan bahwa ekstraksi ciri tekstur statistika bermanfaat dalam pengenalan kanker ini dimana diperoleh hasil akurasi mencapai 93.33% oleh classfier pada kategori pengujian positif melanoma dan 86.66 % pada kategori kelas melanoma. Kata kunci: Melanoma, GLCM, K-Nearest Neighbor, Otsu Thresholding AbstractMelanoma is categorized as the most dangerous form of skin cancer, according to skincancer.org. This skin cancer grows and develops due to DNA damage to skin cells which is generally caused by ultraviolet radiation. In this study, a system was created to help medical parties predict a type or type of melanoma cancer. This system was performed with morphological closing processes, the formation of gray level co-occurrence (GLCM) matrices for extraction of features of statistical textures, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as a classification method. The test results showed that the system recognized this cancer with an accuracy of 93.33% for the positive image of melanoma and 86.66% for the melanoma class category. Keywords: Melanoma, GLCM, K-Nearest Neighbor, Otsu Thresholding

Analysis of Keywords Used in Internet Searches for Melanoma Information: Observational Study

Background The internet is an accessible resource for health care information and is often used by patients to learn about melanoma. The keywords that are used in internet searches can reflect internet users’ interest in specific topics and the public’s awareness of health-related issues. Objective This study aims to describe the most frequently used keywords, questions, and corresponding websites in internet searches for melanoma. Methods This is an observational study using data retrieved from Google Trends, Alexa Internet, SEMrush, Ahrefs, and SE Ranking for the keywords “melanoma” and “skin cancer.” Results Average search interest as per Google Trends was greater for the keyword “skin cancer” than for the keyword “melanoma.” Searches for the top 25 keywords in 3 databases resulted in 34 unique melanoma keywords and 33 unique skin cancer keywords. Melanoma keywords were most frequently related to clinicopathologic classification (n=11, 32%), and skin cancer keywords were most frequently about diagnosis (n=14, 42%). Questions about the prognosis of melanoma appeared most frequently among the most popular melanoma questions, but general questions or questions about the diagnosis of melanoma contributed the greatest proportion of searches by search volume. Skin cancer question searches were most commonly about diagnosis. The highest proportion of searches for popular melanoma and skin cancer keywords most frequently sent traffic to websites from nonprofit organizations and media companies, respectively. Conclusions We identified common keywords, questions, and websites used to access information about melanoma on the internet. These data may help health care providers and public health professionals when educating and counseling patients and the public about skin cancer.

Analysis of Keywords Used in Internet Searches for Melanoma Information: Observational Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The internet is an accessible resource for health care information and is often used by patients to learn about melanoma. The keywords that are used in internet searches can reflect internet users’ interest in specific topics and the public’s awareness of health-related issues. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the most frequently used keywords, questions, and corresponding websites in internet searches for melanoma. METHODS This is an observational study using data retrieved from Google Trends, Alexa Internet, SEMrush, Ahrefs, and SE Ranking for the keywords “melanoma” and “skin cancer.” RESULTS Average search interest as per Google Trends was greater for the keyword “skin cancer” than for the keyword “melanoma.” Searches for the top 25 keywords in 3 databases resulted in 34 unique melanoma keywords and 33 unique skin cancer keywords. Melanoma keywords were most frequently related to clinicopathologic classification (n=11, 32%), and skin cancer keywords were most frequently about diagnosis (n=14, 42%). Questions about the prognosis of melanoma appeared most frequently among the most popular melanoma questions, but general questions or questions about the diagnosis of melanoma contributed the greatest proportion of searches by search volume. Skin cancer question searches were most commonly about diagnosis. The highest proportion of searches for popular melanoma and skin cancer keywords most frequently sent traffic to websites from nonprofit organizations and media companies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We identified common keywords, questions, and websites used to access information about melanoma on the internet. These data may help health care providers and public health professionals when educating and counseling patients and the public about skin cancer.

MELANOMA OF NASAL CAVITY.LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASE REPORT

Primary malignant melanoma of the nose mucosa is a rare disease and seen in less than 0,5–0,7% among all melanomas, but has a worse prognosis because of its aggressiveness compared with that of the cutaneous form. Most of the nasal melanomas are not detected in early stage and survival statistics have not improved over the last years. The incisional biopsy is contraindicated, as this may increase metastatic spread. Cytology is definitely a simpler and safer method of getting a quick diagnosis. Most melanomas of nasal mucosa were found when infiltrating muscle, cartilage, or bone, that's why craniofacial resection remains the «gold standard» for these tumors, but and endoscopic resection of sinonasal mucosal melanoma (at limited tumors) has comparable outcomes to open approaches.In report review the relevant medical literature (clinic, classification, histology, treatment and survival) and case observation of patient with primary nasal malignant melanoma. Keywords: melanoma, mucous membrane, nose.

The Evaluation of Estrogen Receptor β as a Potential Prognosis Factor in Melanoma

Differences across sexes in cutaneous melanoma incidence, metastatic pathways and disease outcome are consistently observed, with women having a significant survival advantage compared with men. This suggests that gender could play a role as a prognostic indicator through sex hormone signaling, but the mechanism is still unclear. This article focuses on available literature data concerning the influence of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression as a host-related biological protective factor for female patients with melanoma. Furthermore, it highlights the potential role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) as a prognostic biologic marker in cutaneous melanoma. Keywords: melanoma, sex, hormone receptors, estrogen receptor β

Automated Non-invasive Diagnosis of Melanoma Skin Cancer using Dermo-scopic Images

Melanoma skin cancer is one of the deadliest cancers today, the rate of which is rising exponentially. If not detected and treated early, it will most likely spread to other parts of the body. To properly detect melanoma, a skin biopsy is required. This is an invasive technique which is why the need for a diagnosis system that can eradicate the skin biopsy method arises. It is observed that the proposed method is successfully detecting and correctly classifying the malignant and non-malignant skin cancer. Finally, a neural network is used to classify benign and malignant images from the extracted features. Keywords: Melanoma, non-invasive, skin lesion, neural network.

ARTIGO DE REVISÃO: NOVAS OPÇÕES DE TRATAMENTO DO MELANOMA METASTÁTICO

RESUMO O Melanoma é considerado um tumor agressivo, tem sua origem nos melanócitos da pele. Tal tumor tem grande potencial de produzir metástases, e por isso tem grande letalidade. O presente trabalho tem objetivo de fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre as novas terapias da forma metastática do melanoma. Buscou-se artigos através das plataformas SciELO, Pubmed e Bireme, com as seguintes palavras-chave: “melanoma”, “tratamento melanoma”, “treatment melanoma”, “metastatic melanoma”. Os recentes estudos mostram evidências positivas nas pesquisas, atestando a evolução da terapia, passando desde a quimioterapia, inibidores das vias de sinalização, imunoterapia, alternativas naturais até as combinações de terapias. É possível perceber a evolução do tratamento dessa enfermidade, observando a eficácia dos novos métodos e a elevação da sobrevida dos pacientes por meio dos artigos analisados. Palavras-chave: melanoma; metástase; tratamento. ABSTRACT Melanoma is considered an aggressive tumor, has its origin in melanocytes of the skin. It has a great potential to produce metastases, and therefore has great lethality. The present work aims to review the literature on the new therapies of the metastatic form of melanoma. We searched through the SciELO, Pubmed and Bireme platforms with the following keywords: "melanoma", "melanoma treatment", "treatment melanoma", "metastatic melanoma". Recent studies show positive evidence in research, attesting the evolution of therapy, ranging from chemotherapy, inhibitors of signaling pathways, immunotherapy, natural alternatives to combinations of therapies. It is possible to perceive the evolution of the treatment of this disease, observing the efficacy of the new methods and the increase of the patients survival through the articles analyzed. Keywords: melanoma; metastasis; treatment.