Bilderbuch als Klangmedium

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Musik und Klang können auf unterschiedliche Weise Eingang in ein Bilderbuch finden. Aus methodischer Sicht lassen sich auf der einen Seite außermusikalische Inhalte (v. a. Texte und Bilder) musikalisch darstellen (Verklanglichung, Vertonung), und auf der anderen Seite besteht die Möglichkeit, Musik in andere Medien zu transformieren (Bild und Visualisierung, Bewegung und Verkörperung, Text und Versprachlichung). Diese Interdependenzen finden sich auch in Gattungen und Kompositionstechniken, wie z. B. Oper und Programmmusik, in denen sich Handlung, Text und Musik wechselseitig beeinflussen und überlagern. The Picture Book as a Sound MediumAesthetic, Scientific and Artistic Perspectives This article is an overview of the relevance of sound and music in picturebooks. Various possible relationships between images, words and sounds are shown, and different formats and historical developments are discussed. A focus is placed on the dimensions of the narrative context and the relevance of different types of media. Traditionally, the relation between music, words and images included setting picturebooks to music. In the last few years, electronic book media such as e-books, enhanced books and picturebook apps, which offer a combined, multimedial listening, reading and viewing experience, present new perspectives for intermedial picturebook research. The article details strategies for analysing the picturebook as a sound medium, using methods and concepts from film analysis, aesthetic transformation and the concept of aurality to show how the medium of sound is an open, ambiguous aesthetic quality that enriches picturebooks with its contingent possibilities for symbolic representation.

Ambiguous Self-Induced Disinformation (ASID) Attacks: Weaponizing a Cognitive Deficiency

Humans quickly and effortlessly impose narrative context onto ambiguous stimuli, as demonstrated through psychological projective testing and ambiguous figures. We suggest that this feature of human cognition may be weaponized as part of an information operation. Such Ambiguous Self-Induced Disinformation (ASID) attacks would employ the following elements: the introduction of a culturally consistent narrative, the presence of ambiguous stimuli, the motivation for hypervigilance, and a social network. ASID attacks represent a reduced-risk, low-investment on the part of the adversary with a potentially significant reward, making this a likely tactic of choice for information operators within the context of gray-zone conflicts.

Play for Real(ism) - Using Games to Predict Human-AI interactions in the Real World

AI-enabled decision support systems have repeatedly failed in real world applications despite the underlying model operating as designed. Often this was because the system was used in an unexpected manner. Our goal is to enable better prediction of how systems will be used prior to their implementation as well as to improve existing designs, by taking human behavior into account. There are several challenges to collecting such data. Not having access to an existing prediction engine requires the simulation of such a system's behavior. This simulation must include not just the behavior of the underlying model but also the context in which the decision will be made in the real world. Additionally, collecting statistically valid samples requires that test subjects make repeated choices under slightly varied conditions. Unfortunately, in such repetitious conditions fatigue can quickly set in. Games provide us the ability to address both of these challenges by providing both systems context and narrative context. Systems context can be used to convey some or all of the information the player needs to make a decision in the game environment itself, which can help avoid the onset of fatigue. Narrative context can provide a broader environment within which the simulated system operates, adding a sense of progress, showing the effect of decisions, adding perceived social norms, and setting incentives and stakes. This broader environment can further prevent player fatigue while replicating many of the external factors that might affect choices in the real world. In this paper we describe the design of the Human-AI Decision Evaluation System (HADES), a test harness capable of interfacing with a game environment, simulating the behavior of an AI-enabled decision support system, and collecting the results of human decision making based upon such a system's predictions. Additionally, we present an analysis of data collected by HADES while interfaced with a visual novel game focused on software cyber-risk assessment.

Do Audiences Judge the Morality of Characters Relativistically? How Interdependence Affects Perceptions of Characters’ Temporal Moral Descent

In two pre-registered studies, we leveraged recent advances to disposition theory to examine whether character judgments are relative. We used a Pilot Study to develop a moral continuum of behaviors for a hypothetical television series. We referenced our established moral continuum to create behavioral sequences that represented two characters descending into immorality. We manipulated whether one or both characters were present in the narrative. The simultaneous presence of both characters polarized participants’ moral evaluations of character behavior, categorization of the characters as heroic/villainous, and character liking. Our findings substantiate the systematic effects that character interdependence has on disposition formation. An improved understanding of narrative context can specify when between- and within-character comparisons occur and what effects character interdependence has on disposition theory’s processes. We discuss how narrative schemas, character schemas, and character networks can serve as the elements for explicating the role of narrative context in disposition theory.

The Lord of Angel Armies and the Centurion of Capernaum in Matthew 8:5–13

This study of Jesus’ healing of the centurion’s servant (Matthew 8:5–13) draws attention to some neglected Christological details. This study offers a fresh explanation of how Matthew uses ambiguity and clarity about who Jesus is in various levels of narrative context. Specifically, Matthew’s characterization of the centurion uses the ambiguous title of ‘Lord’ alongside clear actions of faith to reveal Jesus’ identity. This study concludes that Jesus participates in the identity of Yahweh, who has absolute and divine power to command his army of angels to heal people and remove demons, even without his presence.

“These and Those Are the Words of the Living God, but …”: Meaning, Background, and Reception of an Early Rabbinic Teaching

This is the first article-length treatment of the famous rabbinic dictum “These and those are the words of the living God, but the Law always follows Beit Hillel.” The statement's significance lies in the innovative manner in which it negotiates the monistic and pluralistic tendencies within the rabbinic tradition. “These and those …” first emerged in the late tannaitic or early amoraic period as a reworking of an earlier Tosefta text. The Yerushalmi, consistent with its overall monistic tendencies, cited this text only for its ruling in favor of Beit Hillel, marginalizing its affirmation that the teachings of Beit Shammai represent “the words of the living God.” The Bavli embraced both the pluralistic and monistic stances of “These and those …” and further placed the declaration in a wider narrative context, imbuing it with social and ethical significance.

Using depiction for efficient communication in LIS (Italian Sign Language)

abstract Meanings communicated with depictions constitute an integral part of how speakers and signers actually use language (Clark, 2016). Recent studies have argued that, in sign languages, depicting strategy like constructed action (CA), in which a signer enacts the referent, is used for referential purposes in narratives. Here, we tested the referential function of CA in a more controlled experimental setting and outside narrative context. Given the iconic properties of CA we hypothesized that this strategy could be used for efficient information transmission. Thus, we asked if use of CA increased with the increase in the information required to be communicated. Twenty-three deaf signers of LIS described unconnected images, which varied in the amount of information represented, to another player in a director–matcher game. Results revealed that participants used CA to communicate core information about the images and also increased the use of CA as images became informatively denser. The findings show that iconic features of CA can be used for referential function in addition to its depictive function outside narrative context and to achieve communicative efficiency.

THE PROBLEM OF NOMINATION OF THE SUBJECTS OF SPEECH THROUGH NARRATOLOGY PRISM (ON THE MATERIAL FROM “MIRROR STORY” BY ILSE AICHINGER)

Коммуникативно-прагматический потенциал поля персональности рассматривается в данной статье через призму художественного произведения «Зеркальная новелла» австрийской писательницы И. Айхингер. Анализ приемов автора для передачи авторского отношения к событиям и героям позволяет утверждать, что коммуникативное пространство в новелле раскрывается за счет зеркальной символики. Анализ видов зеркал и их физических свойств позволяет наблюдать следующие коммуникативные роли: сфера говорящего представлена личным местоимением ich, а также местоимениями du, ihr в их вторичной номинации. Анализ коммуникативно-прагматического потенциала «я»-субъекта в нарративном контексте показал возможности единиц функционально - семантического поля персональности выражать отношение субъекта речи к субъектам коммуникативной ситуации. Таким образом, адресант в процессе интеракции способен эксплицировать переносные смыслы. Эти транспозиции коммуникативных местоименных форм не только выполняют смыслонесущую функцию, но и позволяют отразить новые неожиданные коннотации как интерактивные отношения конкретных коммуникантов: включение местоимения не по его лингвистической сущности, не по морфологическому признаку, не по функциональному признаку, где он может или не может быть субъектом, а по признаку коммуникации. Все это свидетельствует о полисемантичности такой философской модели коммуникации, в которой присутствуют не только эмитент, реципиент и неучастник коммуникации, но еще и нададресат. This article deals with the communicative-pragmatic potential of the field of the personality through the prism of the literary work “Mirror Story” by the Austrian authoress I. Aichinger. The communicative space in the novel is revealed through mirror symbolism. The distribution of roles between the participants in the communicative process occurs precisely through the mirror perspective. The speaker’s sphere is represented by the personal pronoun ich, as well as by the pronouns du, ihr in their secondary nomination. The analysis of the communicative-pragmatic potential of the “I”-subject in a narrative context showed the ability of the units of the functional-semantic field of the personality to express the attitude of the subject of speech to the subjects of the communicative situation. In this way the speaker in the process of interaction can “take the role of another” and assume how he was perceived by a recipient. These transpositions of communicative pronoun forms have not only new meaning, but also allow us to reflect new unexpected connotations, like the interactive relations of specific communicants. All this indicate the polysemancy of such a philosophical model of communication, in which not only the speaker, recipient and non-participant in communication are present, but also the over-recipient.

Surpassing Narrative and Non-Verbal Communication

This chapter develops a strategy for scoring non-narrative or non-descriptive film segments. When developing a soundtrack for a movie, the composer is faced with the challenge of incorporating other tools and elements in order to create clear communication between the soundtrack and what is happening on screen. An effective approach to musical composition is sought for the non-narrative context. The main objective is to ascertain what other elements might be considered to meaningfully associate the screened events and the music tracks and then investigate how these elements may be most effectively scored. The research analyses a specific method for crossing from one modality or style to another, enabling the viewer to relate impressions and stimuli gained through one modality to another for a fully comprehensive experience. A table will demonstrate how the specifications of one modality can be calibrated in terms of another.

Poligami Dalam Dawair al Khauf: Qira'ah Fi Khitab al-Mar'ah Karya Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd

This paper outlines the issue of polygamy according to Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's perspective with reference to his work namely Dawair al-Khauf: Qiraah fi Khitab al-Mar’ah. The purpose of this paper is to describe the biography of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, and the book of Dawair al-Khaufrelated to the background of book writing, systematic writing, the method used by Nasr Hamid in understanding polygamy verses, and Nasr Hamid's thoughts about polygamy. The results showed that Nasr Hamid did not agree with polygamy, even according to him polygamy could be strictly forbidden if there was fear of not being able to do justice. The method initiated by Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd is the method of reading textual (manhaj al-qira’ahas-siyaqiyyah). There are three levels of context in this method, namely the context of revelation (siyaq tartib an-nuzul), narrative context (siyaq as sard), and linguistic structure (mustawa at-tartib al-lughawi).