A Comparative Analysis of Vanadyl Porphyrins Isolated from Resins of Heavy Oils with High and Low Vanadium Content

The composition of purified vanadyl porphyrins recovered from the resins of heavy oils possessing high and low vanadium contents was investigated. Vanadium content in the resins of the heavy oils under study differs by a factor of ca. 15. To recover and purify vanadyl porphyrins from the resins, extraction by N,N–dimethylformamide (DMF) with subsequent two-stage column chromatography on silica gel and sulfocationite were employed. The change of structural-group composition and content of vanadyl porphyrins in the products obtained at each stage was evaluated using Fourier IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of the purified vanadyl porphyrins using MALDI mass spectrometry determined distribution of their most abundant types (etio- and DPEP) and identified C27–C39 homologs for the resins possessing high vanadium content and C28–C39 homologs for the resins with low vanadium content.

Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 3. Tar Modified with Formaldehyde

The chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde as 37% aqueous solutionhas been studied in the presence of the catalysts. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and acid tar were used as the catalysts. The effect of the catalyst nature and amount, as well as temperature, process time and initial components ratio on the softening point, penetration, brittle point and adhesion to crushed stone has been determined. The structure of the modified tars was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The structural-group composition was determined. Arene-formaldehyde resins have been synthesized on the basis of toluene and modified tars using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The synthesized resins were characterized using IR spectroscopy. The chemistry of the tar modification with formaldehyde has been proposed.

Study of oxygen compounds of acid character of Garbi Absheron field oil

The paper presents the results of fraction and structural-group composition of acids and phenols of Garbi Absheron field oil. Studied oil is heavy, tarry, low paraffinic. The acids and phenols have been purified from the oil with their differentiation on the free and associated (in the form of compound esters) forms. Free acids and phenols were purified from the oil via alkali extraction. Their associated forms were purified after saponification of the oil released from the samples. To study the structure-group content of acids and phenols, proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy method was used. Obtained results showed that acidic oxygen-containing compounds in Garbi Absheron field oil predominantly consist of associated acids and phenols in the form of compound esters. Middle molecules of these phenols contain condensed naphtenic-aromatic cycles, the acids by their structure belong to the derivatives of hydrocarbons of paraffin series of CH3 residual-substitutes.

STRUCTURAL-GROUP COMPOSITION AND GROWTH-REGULATING ACTIVITY OF D-GLUCOSE–M-AMINODENZOIC ACID CONDENSATION PRODUCTS

Structural-group composition is studied, mechanisms of formation are proposed and assessment of plant growth activity of condensation products in D-glucose–m-aminobenzoic acid (m-ABA) system is carried out. Solid product of complete reaction system, formed from initial components as a result of complex reaction combination is fractionated with water, nondialysable component is isolated from water-soluble fraction, studied by methods of elemental analysis, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, as well as tested as growth regulating agent. According to IR-Fourier spectroscopy, undialysable water-soluble products are characterized by structural-group compositions close to natural humic substances: mainly aliphatic backbone including C=C, C=O, C–O, OH-functions and bounded arylamine fragments (m-ABA). The profile of the electron spectra confirms the presence of sufficiently long chromophores in the structure. Such functionalization provided the necessary ratio in the product structure of the active groups and the aromatic component for the development of humic products growth activity at low concentrations due to optimal polar-hydrophobic interactions at supramolecular association level, which was confirmed experimentally by the evaluation of cucumber seeds growth indices of the "Nezhinsky" variety. Additional spectral studies of seed seedlings allowed to justify the mumbling effect of synthesized products, the maximum effect of which was observed in the area of low (0.0008%) solutions concentrations, which is also characteristic of natural humate’s stimulating influence. Further studies are planned in the direction of studying the effect of synthesized products on individual phases of plant development, as well as estimation of their ecotoxicity and biodegradation ability. The results obtained supposed to be the basis of technological scheme for production of processed humin-like products on an industrial scale.

Study of acidic oxygen-containing and nitrogenous compounds isolated from 150–350 °C fraction of deep-water Gunashli field oil

The article presents the results of studies on the structural-group composition of acidic oxygen-containing and nitrogenous compounds isolated from the 150–350 oC fraction of the deep-water oil of Gunashli field. The oil is light, low sulfur, paraffinic, rich in light fractions, the acid number is 1.01 mg KOH/g, the total content of acidic oxygen-containing compounds is 0.17 %, and total nitrogen is 0.11 % by weight. The acid number of the 150–350 oC fraction from the same oil is 242.3 mg KOH/g. Acidic oxygen-containing compounds isolated from this fraction with a yield of 0.19 %, nitrogen-containing 0.145 % mass. The structural-group composition of the isolated concentrates of acidic oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds was studied by PMR spectroscopy. It was defined that the acidic oxygen-containing compounds more than 2/3 belong to the naphthenic-paraffin series. Nitrogen compounds are for 78 % composed of aminocompounds with naphthenic-paraffinic radicals and aromatic homologues (22 %). They can be used for the synthesis of metal corrosion inhibitors, additives for lubricating oils and other valuable products.

Humic-like acid derived from 1,2-naphthoquinone

A new fast and original method for producing synthetic humic acids by oxidation of 1,2-naphthoquinone by oxygen in an alkaline medium has been proposed. The elemental, structural-group composition and spectral characteristics of the obtained humic-like substances correspond to those of natural humic substances. The stoichiometry of the reaction was established by the volumetric method. The redox capacity of humic acids increased from 0.43 to 3.68 mmol∙g-1 with increasing solution from pH 5 to 11. Humic-like acids featured an ESR singlet signal with a width of 3.8 Gauss and g-factor close to the g-factor of the free electron (g = 2.0033).