ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENERGY TRANSITION

The paper describes threats that the Russian oil and gas industry faces due to the transition to a new energy paradigm. It is demonstrated that the level of these threats depends on the time of this transition. Level of these threats will be different for oil and gas industries. Recommendations for adaption of the Russian oil and gas industry to the new energy paradigm. It is demonstrated that the development of alternative energy in our country will be auxiliary.

Tracing circumnuclear dense gas in H2O maser galaxies

ABSTRACT A sample of 30 H$_{2}$O extra-galactic maser galaxies with their published HCN(J = 1 − 0) and HCO + (J = 1 − 0) observations has been compiled to investigate the dense gas correlation with H2O maser emission. Our sample number exceeds the size of the previous HCN samples studied so far by a factor of 3, and it is the first study on the possible relation with the dense gas tracer HCO + . We find a strong correlation between normalized H2O maser emission luminosity (LH2O/LCO) and normalized HCO + line luminosity (LHCO + /LCO). Moreover, a weak correlation has been found between LH2O/LCO and normalized HCN line luminosity (LHCN/LCO). The sample is also studied after excluding Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxy (U)LIRG sources, and the mentioned correlations are noticeably stronger. We show that ‘dense gas’ fractions as obtained from HCN and HCO + molecules tightly correlate with maser emission, especially for galaxies with normal IR luminosity (LIR < 1011 L⊙) and we show that HCO + is a better ‘dense gas’ tracer than HCN. Further systematic studies of these dense gas tracers with higher transition level lines are vital to probe megamaser physical conditions and to accurately determining how maser emission interrelates with the dense gas.

Gain Error end DNL for Testing ADCs: Optimization in Time Domain

Optimization in ADC is an important component which predicts overall accuracy of a system using it. Signals are in real time nature and it is necessary to convert these signals in digital form to interpret with digital form of signals and microcomputer based systems. ADC is used to carry out these conversions process from analog to digital. Determination of parameters of an ADC such as DNL, INL, SNR and ENOB are necessary for complete dynamic analysis and characterization of ADC. In frequently, application prerequisite input to an Analog to digital converter is time varying which requires determination of its parameters at corresponding frequency and different test conditions In order to test an ADC, it is necessary to first determine its code transition levels. Further Gain error, DNL are estimated using code transition level based on histogram technique. If there is an code transition level error introduced then effect of this error leads to error in estimate of gain, offset, DNL and ENOB. Further estimation of variance in different parameter values is analyzed in the proposed work.

p-Type conductivity mechanism and defect structure of nitrogen-doped LiNbO3 from first-principles calculations

The charge-state transition level and geometry structure of non-metallic N-doped LiNbO3 are calculated by DFT, which reveal the p-type conductivity mechanism of LiNbO3:N.

Contention Current Problem in Level Shifter

This paper presents a comparative study for conventional and contention mitigated level shifter during shifting of level, occurs contention problem in current in the conventional level shifter during the transition. Level shifter control block control and minimize the power of the voltage converter DC circuits. The Multi VDD hopping in the huge circuit for power management is suffering from huge delay and power due to the current contention problem in Level shifter

Level penalaran proporsional siswa dalam memecahkan missing value problem

Tujuan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan level penalaran proporsional siswa kelas VIII SMP dalam memecahkan masalah satu nilai yang tidak diketahui (missing value problem). Instrumen penelitian ini berupa lembar tugas tentang masalah satu nilai yang tidak diketahui yang telah di validasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kalipare Malang dengan jumlah 33 siswa. Prosedur pengambilan data diawali dengan siswa diminta mengerjakan instrumen penelitian. Setelah mendapat data hasil pekerjaan siswa, dipilih tiga siswa sebagai subjek penelitian untuk dilakukan wawancara dengan tingkat penalaran proporsional yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penalaran proporsional siswa berada pada level 0, level transisi 0 ke 2, dan level 4. Pada level 0, siswa memecahkan masalah satu nilai yang tidak diketahui menggunakan selisih dan sembarang operasi. Pada level transisi dari 0 ke 2, siswa memecahkan masalah satu nilai yang tidak diketahui menggunakan selisih kemudian beralih menggunakan cara membangun kedua ukuran (building both measure). Pada level 4, siswa memecahkan masalah satu nilai yang tidak diketahui hanya menggunakan aturan perkalian silang. Level of student’s proportional reasoning in solving missing value problemAbstractThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the level of proportional reasoning eighth-grade students in solving the problem of the unknown values. This research instrument was an assignment sheet about a missing value problem that validated. The subjects of this research were students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 (State Junior High School) Kalipare, Malang, Indonesia, with a total of 33 students. Data collection procedures begin with students being asked to do research instruments. After obtaining data on student work, three students selected as research subjects for interviews with different proportional levels of reasoning. The results showed that students' proportional reasoning was at level 0, transition level 0 to 2, and level 4. At level 0, students solved the problem of missing value problem using differences and arbitrary operations. At the transition level from 0 to 2, students solve the problem of missing value problem using the difference and then switch to using building both measure methods. At level 4, students solve the problem of one unknown value using only the rules of cross multiplication.

Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Ilmiah pada Pembelajaran Interactive Demonstration disertai Formative Assessment

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This research aims to analyze the students scientific reasoning ability in physics learning. The sample was 32 students of 10^th grade in Public Senior High School 7 Malang. The instrument test is two tiers with 13 questions. The result shows that there are differences between students scientific reasoning score before and after interactive demonstration learning with formative assessment. In pretest, the students scientific reasoning scores were low, 25 students were at level of concrete reasoning and 9 students were at initial transition level. When the posttest, scientific reasoning score has increased, 10 students at concrete reasoning level, 15 students at the initial transition level, 8 students are at final transition level, and 1 student reach the level at formal reasoning level. Teacher need to give the innovative learning strategies that can improve student’s scientific reasoning. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan penalaran ilmiah siswa pada pembelajaran <em>interactive demonstration</em><strong><em> </em></strong>disertai <em>formative assessment</em>. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 34 siswa pada kelas <strong>X</strong> IPA di SMA Negeri 7 Malang. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes <strong><em>Two Tiers</em> </strong>dengan 13 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara penalaran ilmiah siswa sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pembelajaran <em>interactive demonstration</em><strong><em> </em></strong>disertai<strong> </strong><em>formative assessment</em>. Pada saat <em>pretest </em>skor penalaran ilmiah siswa rendah yaitu 25 siswa berada pada tingkat penalaran konkret dan sembilan siswa berada pada tingkat transisi awal. Saat <em>posttest </em>skor penalaran ilmiah mengalami peningkatan yaitu 10 siswa pada tingkat penalar konkret, 15 siswa pada tingkat transisi awal, <strong>8</strong> siswa berada tingkat transisi akhir hingga ada seorang yang mencapai tingkat penalaran formal. Guru perlu memberikan strategi pembelajaran inovatif yang dapat memperbaiki penalaran ilmiah siswa.</p>

Defect properties in Yb3+-doped CaF2 from first-principles calculations: a route to defect engineering for up- and down-conversion photoluminescence

The formation energy, transition level and binding energy of defects in Yb3+-doped CaF2 were calculated with DFT/HSE06.