Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and inoculation media in the yield on cooksfoot yield

Objective: To determine the effect of three PGPB bacteria (Ewingella americana, Bacillus simplex and Microbacterium ginsengiterrae) and three inoculation media (digestate, compost and cornstarch) on plant height, leaf temperature, stalkdensity, morphological composition, and dry matter yield of orchard grass.Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design was used, with a factorial arrangement 4X3, the experimental units being a pot with five initial stalks.Results: The dry matter did not show difference between treatments with bacteria (P>0.05), but the control the values increased up to 50%. Compost and digestate media outperformed cornstarch by 22%. The inoculation media had an effect(P?0.05) on the yield and leaf variables, while the bacteria promoted the formation of new stalks and the production of biomass, and reduced the leaf temperature.Findings/Conclusions: Compost and digestate as inoculation media can notably favor the beneficial effect of M. ginsengiterrae, which was the one that registered the best yields

Ewingella americana Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Most episodes of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis are caused by skin-dwelling gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria colonizing gut and urinary tract. Occasionally, however, uncommon bacteria can cause peritonitis in PD patients. We describe a case of <i>Ewingella americana</i> peritonitis, the first such case reported from the United States. A 68-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease due to hypertension was initiated on PD 2 years prior to the present event. She presented with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. She was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Abdomen was diffusely tender with guarding and rebound. No obvious root cause was apparent. Initial PD fluid white count was 502/mm³ with 87% neutrophils. Gram stain was negative. Culture grew gram-negative rods, which were later identified as <i>Ewingella americana</i>, resistant to ampicillin and cefazolin but sensitive to gentamicin, ceftazidime, and cefepime. After empiric intraperitoneal vancomycin and gentamicin, she was continued on intraperitoneal gentamicin for a total period of 21 days. She responded to the treatment rapidly with complete recovery. PD fluid on day four showed 40 nucleated cells with 12% neutrophils. Patient remained on PD without consequences. <i>Ewingella americana</i> is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus that can survive in water, including domestic water. Inadequate hand hygiene is a potential root cause of infection. Although rare, <i>Ewingella</i> peritonitis can be observed in PD patients and is treatable. Clinicians should be aware of <i>Ewingella</i> as a potential cause of PD peritonitis.

Comparative Microbiome Study of Mummified Peach Fruits by Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics

The dried peach fruits clinging to peach trees or lying on the ground nearby are known as mummified peach fruits. Here, we examined the microbiome communities of three different mummified peach fruits from the nectarine cultivar “Hahong” by DNA- and RNA-sequencing. We found the dominance of Monilinia fructigena followed by Sclerotinia borealis, S. sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea in the mummified peach fruits. Moreover, we found a high number of Proteobacteria, including Frateuria aurantia, Neoasaia chiangmaiensis, Robbsia andropogonis, and Ewingella Americana. Furthermore, we identified several viruses and viroids. Bacteriophages were identified by DNA- and RNA-sequencing, while viruses and viroids with RNA genomes were identified by only RNA-sequencing. Moreover, we identified a novel mycovirus referred to as Monilinia umbra-like virus 1 (MULV1) from M. fructigena. Our results revealed the co-inhabitance of fungi and bacteria in the mummified peach fruits, although dominant microorganisms were present. RNA-sequencing revealed that several fungal and bacterial genes were actively transcribed. Comparative analyses suggested that RNA-sequencing provides more detailed information on microbial communities; however, combining DNA- and RNA-sequencing results increased the diversity of microorganisms, suggesting the importance of databases and analysis tools for microbiome studies. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive overview of microbial communities in mummified peach fruits by DNA shotgun sequencing and RNA-sequencing.

Effect of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Stored Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on Mushroom Biodeterioration and Mycelial Growth

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is a fungus that attracts the attention of consumers and researchers due to its flavour and bioactive compounds with biological activities. However, it swiftly loses quality because of its short shelf life. The present work evaluated the shelf life of cultivated shiitake carpophores with a weekly monitoring of the physico-chemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters under three different storage conditions. To establish the mycopathogenicity of fruitbody-inhabiting bacterial microbiota, 48 strains were isolated from shiitake throughout its storage time and subsequently inoculated on cap cuticles and slices. Additionally, an antibiogram of these bacterial strains against shiitake mycelium was performed. Shiitake had a total microbial load of 5 log cfu/g, composed mainly of Pseudomonas genus, followed by Enterobacteriaceae family, and moulds and yeasts. Among the 48 bacterial strains identified, 18 belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family and 21 to the Pseudomonas genus. The biodeterioration capacity of the isolated strains increased throughout the conservation period, with slices being more damaged than cap cuticles. We observed a mycopathogenic behaviour of Burkholderia sp., Ewingella americana, Serratia sp., Microbacterium sp. and Rahnella sp. strains, although only the latter highly inhibited shiitake vegetative mycelium growth.

Rendimiento de forraje de pasto ovillo inoculado con bacterias PGPB

Las bacterias PGPB tienen efectos benéficos en el rendimiento de los cultivos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de cinco bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal sobre el rendimiento, altura de planta, unidades SPAD y contenido de proteína de pasto ovillo defoliado cada cinco semanas en primavera y verano, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial 5 x 2 x 2, siendo la unidad experimental una maceta con diez tallos, con cuatro repeticiones. Las bacterias evaluadas fueron: Ewingella americana (digestato), Ewingella americana (suelo), Pseudomonas clororaphis, Bacillus toyonensis y Microbacterium oxidans, comparados entre sí y con los controles positivo (triple 17) y negativo (suelo sin fertilización). Los valores altos de MS en primavera lo registraron E. americana (3.5 g MS maceta-1), mientras que en verano fue B. Toyonensis. Los valores de altura no registraron diferencias (p> 0.05) en ambas épocas, las unidades SPAD solo en el verano y E. americana registró los menores valores (1.8). El contenido de proteína evidenció que los testigos fueron inferiores a todos los tratamientos que fueron inoculados. Las bacterias estudiadas registraron efectos en todas las variables evaluadas y fueron superiores a la fertilización inorgánica y al suelo sin fertilizar.

Ewingella americana : une bactérie pathogène émergente isolée de selles diarrhéiques à l'Hôpital de l'Amitié Sino-Guinéenne de Kipé/Conakry

Ewingella americana (E. americana), est une bactérie appartenant à la famille des Enterobacteriaceae autrefois rarement associée à des infections humaines. L'objectif était de décrire une souche d'E. americana isolée de selles diarrhéiques à l'Hôpital de l'Amitié Sino-Guinéenne de Kipé/Conakry. L'échantillon de selles diarrhéiques a été prélevé chez un patient de sexe masculin, âgé de 18 ans. La culture a été faite sur différents milieux gélosés pendant 24 heures à 37°C. L'identification bactérienne, l'antibiogramme et la détermination des concentrations minimales inhibitrices ont été faits sur l'automate Vitek2 Compact 15. La souche d'E. Americana identifiée était sensible à la majorité des antibiotiques testés. En revanche, cette souche était résistante à la céfoxitine, l'amikacine, et l'acide nalidixique et présentait une sensibilité intermédiaire à la céfalotine, la gentamicine et la tobramycine. Ce présent travail rapporte à notre connaissance, la première description d'E. americana isolée des selles diarrhéiques avec une multi-résistance à certains antibiotiques.