Más allá de las percepciones: emergencia de subjetividades socioambientales en una región subcuenca de Acapulco, Guerrero

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las subjetividades emergentes en la relación sociedad-naturaleza, en las comunidades y espacios urbanos de la subcuenca del río La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos, la cual se caracteriza por el proceso de degradación del ecosistema ribereño, a causa de la disposición ilegal de residuos sólidos y la descarga de aguas negras, así como de la creciente violencia criminal en la zona. Parte del estudio de la gubernamentalidad, así como del análisis cualitativo de experiencias acerca del conflicto socioambiental, para proponer dos formas de construcción de sentido y de acción social: una biopolítica socioambiental (homo economicus), basada en la incidencia tecnificada sobre el problema, aunque carente de crítica hacia el modelo económico; y una necropolítica socioambiental (endriago), que responde al abandono estatal y genera acciones para la sobrevivencia, aunque fuera de la legalidad y contra la vida de otros.Palabras clave: Gubernamentalidad, Conflicto socioambiental, Subjetividades emergentes Beyond perceptions. Emergence of socio-environmental subjectivities in a sub-basin region of Acapulco, GuerreroSummaryThe objective of this work is to analyze the emerging subjectivities in the society-nature relationship, in the communities and urban spaces of the sub-basin of the La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos river, which is characterized by the degradation process of the riparian ecosystem, due to the illegal disposal of solid waste and the discharge of sewage, as well as the increasing criminal violence in the area. It is based on the study of governmentality, as well as the qualitative analysis of experiences about the socio-environmental conflict, to propose two forms of construction of meaning and social action: a socio-environmental bio-politics (homo economicus), based on the technological impact on the problem, although lacking criticism of the economic model; and a socio-environmental necro-politics (endriago), which responds to state abandonment and generates actions for survival, although outside of legality and against the lives of others.Keywords: Governmentality, Socio-environmental conflict, Emerging subjectivities Ailleurs des perceptions. Émergence de subjectivités socio environnementales dans une région sous bassin d’Acapulco, GuerreroRésuméL’objectif de ce travail est celui d’analyser les subjectivités émergeantes dans la relation société-nature, dans les communautés et espaces urbains du sous bassin de la rivière La Sabana-Laguna de Tres Palos, qui se caractérise par le processus de dégradation de l’écosystème riverain, à cause de la disposition illégale de résidus solides et la décharge des eaux d'égout, ainsi que de la croissante violence criminelle de la zone. On part de l’étude de la gouvernabilité, ainsi que de l’analyse qualitative d’expériences à propos le conflit socio environnementale, pour proposer deux formes de construction de sens et d’action sociale : une biopolitique socio environnementale (homo economicus), basée dans l’incidence technicisée sur le problème, même dépourvu de critique envers le modèle économique ; et une nécro politique socio environnementale (endriago), qui répond à l’abandon de l’état et génère des actions pour la survivance, même hors de la légalité et contre la vie des autres.Mots clés : Gouvernabilité, Conflit socio environnemental, Subjectivités émergentes

Handling and Illegal Disposal of Excess Household Solid Wastes in Katutura Township of Namibia

This study examined the modes of handling of generated excess household solid wastes and attitude towards illegal disposal in Katutura township in Windhoek, Namibia. This was particu- larly significant because the capital city, Windhoek was once the cleanest city in Africa. Hence, the study aimed at generating data that would be of benefit to the local municipality towards review of waste management operational strategies and applicable local byelaw especially in this densely populated low-income township. A mixed method of qualitative (observational) and quantitative survey through the use of questionnaire was adopted. Presented data was based on a total of two hundred and thirty-four (234) respondents. Results showed that 46.6% of respondents were between the ages of 21-30 (43.7%) and employed with a 92.3% literacy level. About 66.7% were well aware of the concept of waste management and possessed the knowledge (94%) of its implementation. Majority of respondents (70.9%) generate wastes with- in the 240L waste bin volume per week while those that generate excess handle the wastes in several ways. About 44.3% place excess wastes beside the bin before municipal collection while a combination of 46.4% engage in different forms of illegal disposal. Ironically, about 77.8% of respondents were aware of what constitutes illegal waste disposal. A good number of respondents (62.1%) were satisfied with the municipal waste management. Suggestions on further improvements were however provided. Of great concern in this study was the apathetic attitude (50.4%) of respondents towards the illegal waste disposal practices. This might be contributing factor towards the loss of cleanliness ranking by the city.

Pollution Source Localization in Wastewater Networks

In December 2016, the wastewater treatment plant of Baarle-Nassau, Netherlands, failed. The failure was caused by the illegal disposal of high volumes of acidic waste into the sewer network. Repairs cost between 80,000 and 100,000 EUR. A continuous monitoring system of a utility network such as this one would help to determine the causes of such pollution and could mitigate or reduce the impact of these kinds of events in the future. We have designed and tested a data fusion system that transforms the time-series of sensor measurements into an array of source-localized discharge events. The data fusion system performs this transformation as follows. First, the time-series of sensor measurements are resampled and converted to sensor observations in a unified discrete time domain. Second, sensor observations are mapped to pollutant detections that indicate the amount of specific pollutants according to a priori knowledge. Third, pollutant detections are used for inferring the propagation of the discharged pollutant downstream of the sewage network to account for missing sensor observations. Fourth, pollutant detections and inferred sensor observations are clustered to form tracks. Finally, tracks are processed and propagated upstream to form the final list of probable events. A set of experiments was performed using a modified variant of the EPANET Example Network 2. Results of our experiments show that the proposed system can narrow down the source of pollution to seven or fewer nodes, depending on the number of sensors, while processing approximately 100 sensor observations per second. Having considered the results, such a system could provide meaningful information about pollution events in utility networks.

An assessment of construction waste management in India: A statistical approach

Construction waste needs to be managed in order to minimize environmental burden in India and conserve existing natural resources. Despite numerous policies and guidelines there is improper construction waste management. Towards addressing this issue, a novel approach is presented to unraval and investigate waste management in India using four methods: quantification of waste by wastivity; grouping of influence factors (IFs) by factor analysis; ranking of IFs by analogous importance index; and determination of attitude by concordance among construction crew. The outcomes forecast wastivity of concrete (4.14%) and steel (1.62%), respectively. Exploratory factor analysis groups factors into five categories. The top influence factor (CMT6, 0.901) according to contractors and academicians is: workers should be given training in identifying recyclable material. Engineers favor enforcement of strict punishment for illegal disposal of wastes in violation of Environmental Protection Agency regulations (CMT7, 0.895). Computed concordance indicates: moderate agreement (0.68) among variables under the construction method; strong agreement among variables in documentation (0.76) and construction equipment (0.81); and very strong agreement among variables in worker intention (1.00) and materials (1.00). The variation in attitude of the workforce towards waste management and the proclivity of policy developers towards protocols which include training of workers in efficient waste management are quantified.

Harmony of urban microcommunal-based domestic waste management

This paper examines utilizing compost from household organic waste on green space in a scale of micro-community, Rukun Tetangga. Harmony of urban microcommunal-based domestic solid waste management is designed through its social psycology variables are encouraging degree of cultural harmony in the microcommunal of domestic waste management, degree of physical harmony in the microcommunal of domestic waste management, degree of phsycological harmony in the microcommunal of domestic waste management. Since its implementation in urban, Sub-District Suka Asih, Tangerang City, Banten will impact reduction of illegal disposal of domestic waste into canal, reduction of CO2(eq) emission, and reduction of landfill area. The research uses quantitative analysis by questionnaire with Likert scale method to elaborate individual attitude and social system. Uses quantitative analysis by using CBA to measure total cost-benefit impacts arising, and LCA to measure of CO2(eq) emission as pollutant impacts, and arithmetic models for modeling the impacts of land use. These findings contribute to the literature by emphasizing how individual attitudes, environmental problems, and settlements play an important role in the success of a harmonious solid waste management system.

Spatial assessment of construction waste generated by residential buildings in rural areas

The management of construction waste it is at an early stage in urban areas and lacking in rural areas where this fraction is frequently uncontrolled disposed on public lands. Despite the fact some items of construction waste are considered inert for the environment (soil, concrete) it also contains hazardous items (paint additives, cans, and containers) or recyclables (plastics, metals, wood). Potential recovery of this waste stream is high if it is properly managed. The paper estimates the potential amounts of waste resulted from residential constructions across rural municipalities of Neamț County between 2002 and 2010. These statistical values are calculated at commune level (rural territorial administrative unit) in order to outline the disparities between various geographical areas using thematic cartography. This approach is correlated with demographic features in order to reflect such spatial patterns. The map of population density within built-up areas reveals where the construction sector is emerging at the county scale. Field observations highlight the existence of illegal disposal practices of construction waste in the proximity of settlements or water bodies. This waste stream should receive proper attention in following years in order to achieve recycling and recovery targets imposed by EU regulations.