The Reprehensible (Makruh)

The reprehensible (makruh) is an in-between category that exists between the halal and haram, and it basically pertains to moral advice rather than a legal category. Makruh (lit. disliked, from the root word kariha) refers to an act, object, or conduct that should be avoided, but whose perpetrator is not liable to punishment and does not incur moral blame. Certain foodstuffs may be strictly halal but should be avoided if harmful to health, rotten, or presented in doubtful situations. The leading schools are in agreement that one who avoids makruh merits praise and gains closeness to God. Makruh is often described as the lowest degree of prohibition, and in this sense it is used as a convenient category the jurists have employed for matters that fall between the halal and haram.

Persepsi Pengunjung Terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Alun-Alun Kabupaten Pemalang

Population growth rates and city development which is increasing drastically will increasingly improve urban services.Same time it will have a negative impact on the protection of nature so that in realizing a sustainable city, it is necessary to provide green open space as a counterweight to the environment. The form of green open space in urban areas is a parks. Pemalang Regency has a city park that is Pemalang Town Square. Public space meetings are a basic requirement. If there is no comfort in public spaces, it is difficult to see the needs of visitors in public spaces as users. the purpose of the study was to study the comfort level of Pemalang Town Square according to the perceptions of visitors. Visitors are taken as research objects because they are users of green open space, so their position is important as an evaluation of a planning program.The results of the study are the comfort level of Pemalang Town square based on the perceptions of visitors included in the convenient category. However, there are still aspects that still need to be improved to improve comfort such as lighting facilities in the park that are dim at night.

Pengembangan Media “Comic Life” untuk Gerakan Literasi Siswa Kelas III di Sekolah Dasar

This research was conducted with the aim at 1) depicting how the development of "Comic Life" media products for literacy movements of third-grade students in elementary schools and 2) portraying the users’ responses to the development of "Comic Life" media products for literacy movements of third-grade students in elementary school. The results of this research indicate that 1) the media has fulfilled properness and organized criteria so that the media can be utilized for literacy activities in schools. This is espoused by the percentage acquisition of media experts as much as 90.6% withal excellent category. Moreover, the percentage of literacy experts gain 92% on the superior category. 2) The response outputs which were acquired from questionnaires of small group students yielded to the tone of 93.3% in a prime category. Furthermore, the outcomes from the large group questionnaire responses obtain in the tone of 95.1% on the convenient category.

KONVENSIONAL BED-BATH DAN PREPACKED DISPOSIBLE BED-BATH DALAM PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN KEBERSIHAN DIRI PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT BANDUNG

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Setiap hari, di setiap rumah sakit di seluruh dunia banyak pasien yang butuh dimandikan oleh perawat karena kondisi yang lemah dan sakit untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kebersihan diri mereka sendiri. Trend memandikan pasien saat ini sudah mengalami perubahan di beberapa rumah sakit. Beralih dari metode konvensional bed bath kepada disposible bed bath. Konvensional bed bath adalah metode memandikan pasien dengan cara tradisional yaitu menggunakan air dan sabun dalam menjaga kebersihan diri. Metode disposable bed bath adalah metode memandikan dengan menggunakan washcloth sekali pakai yang aman bagi kulit pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan antara kenyamanan pasien yang menerima metode konvensional bed bath dan prepacked disposible bed bath dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan kebersihan diri di Rumah Sakit Advent Bandung. Metode: Penelitian ini temasuk dalam jenis quasi exsperiment dengan desain penelitian crosover design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang berjumlah 20 orang pasien yang dirawat di South Wing III dan West Wing III Rumah Sakit Advent Bandung. Perbandingkan dua variabel tersebut menggunakan rumus paired t-test. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dimana nilai p-value adalah 0,000 < dari nilai α (0,05). Meskipun kedua metode berada dalam rentang kategori baik tetap terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dimana metode konvensional bed bath lebih membuat pasien merasa lebih nyaman setelah dimandikan. Saran: Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh bagian keperawatan dalam memberikan pelayanan pada pasien dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan personal hygiene yang membuat pasien merasa lebih nyaman.  Kata kunci: personal hygiene, konvensioanl bed bath, prepacked disposible bed bath, kenyamanan.  ABSTRACT The Problem: Trend of bathing patients currently undergoing changes in some hospitals such as Bandung Adventist Hospital and Bandar Lampung Adventist Hospital. The transition from how to bath with conventional methods of bed bath (water and soap) to the prepacket disposable bed bath use disposible washcloth give an extensive impact on the comfort of the patient. This study aims to comparing the comfort of patients receiving conventional methods of bed bath and prepacked disposible bed bath in fulfillment of self hygiene needs in Bandung Adventist Hospital. Method: This research included in pre-experiment type with crossover research design. For retrieving the sample this research used purposive sampling that have the total of 20 patients that is hospitalized in South Wing III and West Wing III Bandung Adventist Hospital. A comparison these two variables using independent t-test formula. Result: result of the comparison that there are significant differences between the comfort of the patients who received conventional bed-bath and disposible bed-bath. This two methods is in the same level of convenient category, however there is still a valuable difference where the conventional method is better in making the patients feel more comfortable after having a bed bath. Suggestion: Hopefully the result of this research is used by the nursing unit on giving more comfortable care to fulfill the patients’ personal hygienic needs. Keywords: Personal hygiene, conventioanl bed bath, prepacked disposible bed bath, comfortnes.

GIVING A NAME TO ISLAM SOUTH OF THE SAHARA: AN ADVENTURE IN TAXONOMY

This article revisits the concept ofislam noir(black Islam) crafted in the context of French rule of sub-Saharan Muslims. For the French colonial administration,islam noirconnoted the idea of a degraded Islam tainted by animist practices and therefore different from the pure Islam practiced in Arab countries. This differentiation was a way to separate it from ‘Arab Islam’, which was considered a subversive model. This distinction was not entirely new for it had already a long history behind it. Arabic sources had often shown a high distrust of sub-Saharan Africans who converted to Islam; they never really enjoyed a status equal to that of Arab Muslims. After the end of colonial rule, the story still continues. The theme of a specific sub-Saharan Islam (African Islam) remained a convenient category that was used by scholars, regardless of old prejudices. In the latest period, some African intellectuals have also embraced this concept, conjoining it with the pride of blackness, as a kind of Islamde la négritude, while praising its orthodoxy. It is this long epistemological and taxonomical adventure ofislam noirthat is examined here.

Trevor Griffiths' ‘Absolute Beginners’: Socialist Humanism and the Television Studio

This article examines how conventional studio production strategies were active in the construction of political meaning in the 1974 television play ‘Absolute Beginners’, written by Trevor Griffiths. Produced for the BBC anthology series Fall of Eagles, the play dramatises Lenin's involvement with the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) and explores the contradictions between personal ethics and political necessity. Through close textual analysis and contextual discussion of other plays in the series, this piece demonstrates how shot patterns and spatial and performative devices in ‘Absolute Beginners’ supported the drama's socialist-humanist and feminist themes. Drawing on existing writing about the studio mode, it argues that the qualities of intimacy and presentational distance that it engendered were highly appropriate for the personal and the political dialectic in ‘Absolute Beginners’. While using authorship as a convenient category for referring to the coherence of Griffiths' thematic concerns and dramatic structure during this period, the article complicates notions of the television dramatist as author by arguing for the importance of visual style and showing how ‘ordinary’ studio form was operational in the play's political meanings.