scholarly journals Wood processing for energy use

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 366-380
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio Marafon Bacca ◽  
Eduardo Gelinsky Junior ◽  
Matheus de Paula Gonçalves ◽  
Adriana Ferla Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Torrefied Biomass ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Mechanical Transformation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Immediate Analysis

Forest biomass has been used as an energy source since ancient times. Since then, several ways of using them have emerged, along with technologies to improve their energy quality. One can cite genetic improvement, thermal transformation through pyrolysis for charcoal and torrefied biomass production, and mechanical transformation through compaction, to produce pellets and briquettes and chipping for the production of chips. However, it is somehow difficult to find articles on these topics that are clearly and objectively presented, making it difficult to read them. The objective of this work was to search data on the ways of processing forest biomass and solutions for the better use of this biomass and its energy use. Therefore, Google Scholar was used as a database from which articles already recognized and others with less impact were obtained. The following search words were used: Eucalyptus, Pinus, wood chips, pellets, briquettes, charcoal, and torrefied wood. To filter the results obtained, the articles that appeared as the most relevant were selected first, then filtered for articles with less than five years from publication, and those at less than two years of publication. Next, the selected articles went through a verification of the data contained in them, and the necessary information was removed from each, which were the species, immediate analysis, extractives, HCV, etc. These data were organized in tables according to the type of processing, prioritizing the values of greatest interest in each analysis, along with the appropriate references. It was observed from the data obtained that the results are compatible among different researchers in their analyses. For samples processed without thermal treatment, the initial characteristics of the wood are maintained, and when going through pyrolysis or torrefaction, these characteristics are changed.

scholarly journals Variations in Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don from Different Geographical Origins—A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11097
Author(s):  
Ana Lima ◽  
Filipe Arruda ◽  
Jorge Medeiros ◽  
José Baptista ◽  
João Madruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Social Environmental

The scientific community is paying increasing attention to plant waste valorization, and also to “greener” practices in the agriculture, food and cosmetic sectors. In this context, unused forest biomass (e.g., leaves, seed cones, branches/twigs, bark and sapwood) of Cryptomeria japonica, a commercially important tree throughout Asia and the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), is currently waste/by-products of wood processing that can be converted into eco-friendly and high added-value products, such as essential oils (EOs), with social, environmental and economic impacts. Plant-derived EOs are complex mixtures of metabolites, mostly terpenes and terpenoids, with valuable bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticide), which can find applications in several industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, aromatherapy, food, cosmetic, perfumery, household and agrochemical (e.g., biopesticides), with manifold approaches. The EOs components are also of value for taxonomic investigations. It is known that the variation in EOs chemical composition and, consequently, in their biological activities and commercial use, is due to different exogenous and endogenous factors that can lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, biological properties and proposals of valorization of C. japonica EO from several countries, and also to indicate gaps in the current knowledge.

scholarly journals Wood to Energy: Use of the Forest Biomass for Wood Pellets

EDIS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Marinescu ◽  
Todd Bush
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Source Current

FOR-207, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Marian Marinescu and Todd Bush, is part of the Wood to Energy series. It introduces the use of wood pellets as a renewable energy source — current and new feedstock sources, feasibility, and research needs. Includes references. Published by the UF School of Forest Resources and Conservation, February 2009.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Forest-Based Bioenergy—A Case Study of Students Surveyed at a University in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5667
Author(s):  
Tapio Ranta ◽  
Antti Karhunen ◽  
Mika Laihanen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Student Background ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Over Exploitation

With the increasing use of forest biomass, concerns about negative impacts have been raised in the debate. The aim of this study was to find out the attitude of university students towards the energy use of forest-based biomass and how different areas of sustainable forest operations were addressed. The survey was conducted over two years (2018–2019) with both full-time students at university and distance learning students who study alongside their work. Background information such as gender, nationality and field of study was collected from students. Most of the students currently considered the energy use of forest biomass to be sustainable. Many replies stressed that the situation could change if the use of forests is increased from the present circumstances. The main factors mentioned that led to forest-based bioenergy being sustainable were positive felling balance, compliance with forest certification, use of waste fractions and implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) directive, while the loss of biodiversity, over-exploitation of forests, C debt and the cascading principle were factors that led to forest-based bioenergy being unsustainable. Student background variables had no effect on responses except for the field of study.

Corrigendum to “Cost, energy use and GHG emissions for forest biomass harvesting operations” [Energy 114 (2016) 1053–1062]

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Fengli Zhang ◽  
Dana M. Johnson ◽  
Jinjiang Wang ◽  
Chunxia Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Biomass Harvesting

scholarly journals Energy Value of Yield and Biomass Quality in a 7-Year Rotation of Willow Cultivated on Marginal Soil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽  
Stefan Szczukowski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak ◽  
Józef Tworkowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Marginal Soil

Bioenergy plays a major role as a renewable energy source in the European Union. Solid biomass is derived mainly as wood from forests and wood processing plants. Willow plantations set up on marginal lands can be a supplementary source of wood for energy generation. This study aimed to determine the energy value of yield and the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of the biomass of 7-year rotation willow harvested on marginal soil. Three varieties and three clones were cultivated in the Eko-Salix system on three marginal soils in northern Poland: riparian, alluvial soil, classified as heavy complete humic alluvial soil (Obory); organic, peat–muck soil formed from peat (Kocibórz); very heavy mineral clay soil (Leginy). Favourable conditions for obtaining high energy value biomass were at Kocibórz and Obory with a high groundwater level. The energy value of biomass at Leginy was lower than at Kocibórz and Obory (by 33% and 26%, respectively). The Ekotur variety had the significantly highest yield energy value (217 GJ ha−1 year−1) among the varieties and clones under study. This feature at Kocibórz and Obory was 288 and 225 GJ ha−1 year−1, respectively, and 139 GJ ha−1 year−1 at Leginy. Moreover, the biomass of this variety contained less ash (1.1% d.m.), sulphur (0.03% d.m.) and nitrogen (0.28% d.m.), which is beneficial from the energy-use perspective. Notably, the yield energy value of the UWM 095 clone biomass was also high (167 GJ ha−1 year−1). This study showed that willow grown in the Eco-Salix system can be a significant source of energy contained in good-quality woody biomass.

scholarly journals Evaluation of various types of forest biomass and wood processing residues as feed for ruminants

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Eight digestibility trials were performed with rams to evaluate the nutritive values of energy willow leaves (Salix Aqualica), whole short rotation trees (S. Aquatica, S. dasyclados), forest biomass, consisting of branches, foliage and browses, entire hardwood, hydrolysed birch tree pulp and dissolving pulp. The chemical composition of the materials varied according to the leaf-to-wood ratio and the degree of hydrolysis of the pulp. The leaves had high protein contents and low crude fibre contents but remarkably high contents of acid detergent fibre (ADF). The materials containing wood had a high crude fibre content, 41—54 %, as had also both pulps, 44—75 %, but the ADF content was on average 17.4 %-units higher than the content of crude fibre. The lignin content was high in the wood-containing materials (29—34 %) and also high in one of the leaf pulps. The digestibilities of the leaf pulps varied considerably, from 42 to 61 % for DM. The forest biomass had organic matter OM digestibility varying from 20 to 39 %. The digestibility was affected by the ratio of foliage to wood in the material. Hydrolysed wood pulp had poor digestibility, 38 % for OM, but the digestibility of dissolving pulp was comparable to that of good quality roughage, 75 %. The leaf pulps and dissolving pulp had FU values of 0.48—0.69/kg DM. Forest biomass and hydrolysed birch pulp had low values, 0.22—0.34 FU/kg DM. Various energy evaluation systems were compared in the feed value calculations. The fibre correction system gave very low values. Tree foliage and cellulosic wastes with a low lignin content can be utilized as ruminant feed but the possibilities of disposing in this way of cellulosic wastes with high lignocellulosic contents are very limited.

scholarly journals Energy Use of Mediterranean Forest Biomass in Sustainable Public Heating Systems and its Effects on Climate Change – Case of Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Juan José Mayans ◽  
José A. Torrent-Bravo ◽  
Leticia Lopéz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Biomass Management ◽  
Positive Direct

The municipality of Serra, Valencia, located in the Spanish Mediterranean east coast, covers an area of 5,730 hectares, with 95% of this territory lying within the Sierra Calderona Natural Park and 85% being forest. The main axis of the municipality’s economy has been the construction, reducing the primary sector, resulting in uncontrolled growth of forest and deterioration of the landscape. All this has raised forest fire risk to dangerous levels threatening the natural heritage of Serra and the future of the Serra Calderona Natural Park. The study shows how an adequate model of forest biomass management, through energetic use in sustainable public heating systems, can have positive direct effects in the fight against climate change, considering both economics aspects and environmental effects, and its capacity to contribute to the socioeconomic development of agro forestry regions, fixing its habitants and offering a rural development based on the rational use of their natural resources

scholarly journals APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS FLORESTAIS COMO ALTERNATIVA AO CONSUMO DE LENHA NA FUMICULTURA DO SUL DO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-520
Author(s):  
Carline Andréa Welter ◽  
Jorge Antonio de Farias ◽  
Luana Dessbesell ◽  
Rafael da Silva Rech ◽  
Fábio Eduardo Roesch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Japan Tobacco ◽  
Santa Maria

APROVEITAMENTO ENERGÉTICO DE RESÍDUOS FLORESTAIS COMO ALTERNATIVA AO CONSUMO DE LENHA NA FUMICULTURA DO SUL DO BRASIL   CARLINE ANDRÉA WELTER1, JORGE ANTONIO DE FARIAS2, LUANA DESSBESELL3 RAFAEL DA SILVA RECH4, FÁBIO EDUARDO ROESCH5   1 Doutoranda do PPG em Engenharia Florestal – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 2  Professor do Departamento de Ciências Florestais – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 3 PhD Forest Sciences, Natural Resources Management Department- Lakehead University (LU), 955 Oliver Road, Postal Code: P7B 5E1, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. [email protected] 4 Engenheiro Florestal – UFSM, Av. Roraima nº 1000, prédio 44B, bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. [email protected] 5 Japan Tobacco International. Centro de Desenvolvimento Agronômico, Extensão e Treinamento (Adet), Estrada Cerro Alegre Baixo s/n, CEP 96860-000, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: Os objetivos do trabalho foram: caracterizar a fumicultura na região sul do Brasil; verificar o consumo de biomassa na cura do tabaco; verificar a disponibilidade de resíduos do processamento mecânico da madeira como alternativa de fornecimento de biomassa para fins energéticos. O tabaco, mesmo ocupando 18% da área das propriedades, foi responsável por, em média, 53% da renda do produtor na safra 2017/2018. Observou-se um consumo maior de lenha em comparação à serragem, para cada kg de tabaco curado, 2,75 e 2,69 kg, respectivamente. Com relação à disponibilidade de resíduos florestais, foi demonstrado que existe um volume significativo para aproveitamento energético, e ainda ocioso, principalmente os oriundos do processamento de madeira. O uso da serragem em substituição à lenha foi tecnicamente viável e elevaria o nível de comprometimento do setor com a sustentabilidade da atividade fumageira.   Palavras-chave: tabaco, energia de biomassa, agricultura familiar   FOREST RESIDUES ENERGY USE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FIREWOOD IN TOBACCO FARMING OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL   ABSTRACT: The objective was to characterize the tobacco culture in the southern states of Brazil also analyze the consumption of biomass in tobacco curing, and access availability of mechanical processing wood residues as an alternative supply of biomass for energy purposes. Tobacco, despite occupying only 18% of the properties area, it accounted for an average 53% of the farmers income in 2017/2018 crop. There was also a higher consumption of firewood compared to sawdust for each kg of cured tobacco, 2.75 and 2.69 kg, respectively. Regarding the forest residues availability, there is a significant amount of forest residues for energy recovery level that still idle, especially those from the wood processing. The sawdust usage to replace firewood was technically practicable and would raise the level of commitment of tobacco sector bringing more sustainability to this activity.   Keywords: tobacco, biomass energy, family farming

scholarly journals Caracterização CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS ORELLANA ◽  
Ailton Teixeira do Vale ◽  
Jorge Breno Palheta Orellana ◽  
Bruno Sant'Anna Chaves ◽  
Alessandro César de Oliveira Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Timber Construction ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Immediate Analysis

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS DA REGIÃO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL PARA FINS ENERGÉTICOS   BRUNA BARBARA MACIEL AMORAS ORELLANA¹, AILTON TEIXEIRA DO VALE², JORGE BRENO PALHETA ORELLANA³, BRUNO SANT'ANNA CHAVES4, ALESSANDRO CÉZAR DE OLIVEIRA MOREIRA5   ¹Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] ² Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] ³Heko Tech Consultoria, SIG, Quadra 4, Lote 25, CEP 70610-440, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] 4Laboratório de Bioenergia, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected] 5Laboratório de Produtos Florestais, Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, SCEN, Trecho 2, CEP 70818-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: O Distrito Federal, apesar do seu restrito limite geográfico, tem apresentado potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento de uma das agriculturas mais tecnológicas do país. As atividades agrícolas geram expressiva quantidade de resíduos que podem se tornar um passivo ambiental se não forem corretamente destinados. Visando contribuir para que o agronegócio da região do DF seja mais eficiente e sustentável, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar alguns resíduos agrícolas para seu aproveitamento energético. Utilizaram-se 10 tipos de resíduos, a fim de determinar o teor de umidade, análise imediata, análise química, granulometria, poder calorífico, densidade a granel e densidade energética. Os resíduos que apresentaram características energéticas mais aceitáveis foram: madeira de madeireira, madeira de construção civil, palha de milho e sabugo de milho. O feijão foi satisfatório, com ressalvas para o teor de cinzas. A quirela de milho e de sorgo não apresentou aptidão como fonte de energia devido ao excesso de amido.   Palavras-chave: agricultura, bioenergia, biomassa, centro-oeste, energias renováveis.   CHARACTERIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES FROM FEDERAL DISTRICT REGION FOR ENERGY PURPOSES   ABSTRACT: The Federal District, although restricted geographical limit, has shown potential for growth and development of one of the most technological agriculture in the country. Agricultural activities generate a significant amount of waste that can become an environmental liability if not properly disposed. Aiming to contribute to the DF region agribusiness be more efficient and sustainable, this paper aims to characterize some agricultural residues for energy use. It was used 10 types of residues, where the moisture content, immediate analysis, chemical analysis, granulometry, heating value, bulk density and energy density were verified. The residues that presented the most acceptable energy characteristics were: timber, construction timber, corn straw and corn cob. The beans were satisfactory, with caveats to the ash content. Quirela of corn and sorghum showed no aptitude as energy source due to excess starch.   Keywords: agriculture, bioenergy, biomass, midwest, renewable energy.

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