Modeling of relative collision risk based on the ships group situation

The collision risk of ships is a fuzzy concept, which is the measurement of the likelihood of a collision between ships. Most of existed studies on the risk of multi-ship collision are based on the assessment of two-ship collision risk, and collision risk between the target ship and each interfering ship is calculated respectively, to determine the key avoidance ship. This method is far from the actual situation and has some defects. In open waters, it is of certain reference value when there are fewer ships, but in busy waters, it cannot well represent the risk degree of the target ship, since it lacks the assessment of the overall risk of the perceived area of the target ship. Based on analysis of complexity of ships group situation, the concept of relative domain was put forward and the model was constructed. On this basis, the relative collision risk was proposed, and the corresponding model was obtained, so as to realize risk assessment. Through the combination of real ship and simulation experiments, the variation trend, stability and sensitivity of the model were verified. The results showed that risk degree of the environment of ships in open and busy waters could be well assessed, and good references for decision-making process of ships collision avoidance could be provided.

Cororate Culture as a Function in Formulating Strategic Communication.

Sub Saharan Africa is filled with cultural diversity which creates a multicultural market. These diversities are created by the external and internal stakeholders in an organisation allowing the emerging of a unique organisational culture to describe the identity of a specific organisation. In its broader term culture gives description to units that provides unity amongst people hence its importance in group situation. Organizational culture is viewed as the shared values, beliefs, or perceptions held by employees within an organization. Moreover, an organization's culture tells us a lot about how members of that specific organisation communicate with each other. Even with the above vital role, organisational culture is viewed as an aspect to influence communication rather than a key role player in developing a communication strategy that fits the intended communication objectives of the specific organisation. To many organisations, the direction of their specific communication is more depended on current communication trends rather than the cultural aspect that determines the identity and behaviour of stakeholders of the specific organisation to achieve set objectives specifically in very diverse areas such as Africa. Whilst various authors have written about organisational culture there is still a lack in literature developed to outline in detail the cultural patterns and norms of African cultures, which are important in understanding the communication approaches of Africans even in corporate environments. This lack in literature also deprives African organisations to understand the diversity within its stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore how organisational culture and aspects of culture play a vital role in creating a communication strategy that is fit for a specific organisation to outplay the intend communication objective. This paper place focus on organisational culture and the vital function it plays in strategic communication. Keywords: Strategic communication, organizational culture, diversity, culture, communication

Face consciousness and purchase intention of organic food: the moderating effect of purchase situation and advertising appeal

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of face consciousness on purchase intention of organic food, to test whether this relationship would be moderated by purchase situation (group vs individual) and advertising appeal (altruistic vs egoistic), and to explain the mediating role of perceived social value in these moderating effects.Design/methodology/approachFour between-subjects experiments were carried out (N = 123, N = 126, N = 130, N = 123) by using online questionnaires. Measured variables were introduced to assess participants' face consciousness, perceived social value and purchase intention. Two manipulated between-subjects variable were introduced to test how purchase situation (group vs individual) and advertising appeal (altruistic vs egoistic) moderates the relationship between face consciousness and purchase intention of organic food. SPSS Statistics 24 was used for the analysis of all experimental data.FindingsConsumers with high face consciousness were more willing to buy organic food. Compared with the individual situation, face consciousness had a stronger impact on the purchase intention when the individual was in a group situation. Compared with egoistic appeals, face consciousness had a stronger impact on the purchase intention when the advertising appeal was altruistic. Perceived social value partly mediated the moderating effect of purchase situation and advertising appeal.Originality/valueThis study validates previous contributions on the effect of face consciousness on purchase intention of organic food and extends them by introducing two moderating variables. Additionally, it introduces perceived social value as a mediating variable to explain the mechanism of this effect.

Anfechtung in der Konzerninsolvenz

If companies belonging to a group become insolvent, the legal subjectivity of the individual group companies gives rise to complex questions of insolvency avoidance law. Regarding the relationship between the individual companies belonging to the group, a number of specific questions have not yet been clarified with regard to insolvency avoidance law. This work examines which characteristics arise from the particular group situation in the application of the insolvency avoidance law, and how the insolvency administrator can assert avoidance claims within the group, and thus against other group companies. Both the insolvency of the controlling company and that of the dependent companies are considered.

Personage names in a literary texts

There are different views on the study of functional specifics of the artistic text. An important factor that should be taken into account when studying the functional specificities of the narrative texts is that the texts being analyzed relate to different functional styles of language. It is well known that the name varies depending on the functional styles and types of speech, reflecting the sociolinguistic parameters of the use of the name: birth, area, regulation, social group, situation. Key words: artistic text, literary style, poetic onomastics, proper names, anthroponym

La universidad inteligente/ The Smart University

As it happens in other fields, also in Higher Education it is detectedthat the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be, and in some cases is being, a powerful medium of inclusion through adaptive support in pedagogical help and in the delivery of resources. And to do it in a sensitive, relevant and pertinent way with the personal and group situation of students' learning, in response to their demand for knowledgeand for the development of their skills.There is a need for a framework of pedagogical model and instructional design that integrates students and guides this help to common and desirable learning outcomes. We also raise the need for an analysis of the conditions necessary for its validation. Finally, we propose, through analysis based on experiences, concrete answers to the insufficiency of institutional policies that contemplate modalities of integration and their repercussions.

Instilling Religious Knowledge and Practice as A Way to Prevent Deprivation among Parmalim People as An Indigenous Religious Minority Group in Indonesia

Parmalim is an indigenous religion from the ancient Toba Batak and has been categorized by the government as one of the “local” religions in Indonesia. They have been struggling to keep their community accepted among society. Furthermore, they often made comparisons between their group situation with other “formal” religious groups in terms of the institutional treatment regarding their civil data administration, the religious studies in the school, the building progress of the worship house, and their job opportunities. This study aims to present the descriptive result of the impact of instilling religious knowledge and practice as a way to prevent group relative deprivation among Parmalim people in Medan using a descriptive qualitative method. The Relative Deprivation theory was arranged from (Smith et al., 2014) theory using three components of RD, such as cognitive comparison, cognitive appraisal, and justice-related effect. The religious knowledge and practice are divided into Parmalim core values and customs such as Tona (Religious teaching), Poda (Commandement), Patik (Canon), and Uhum (Law). The result of this study had shown that Parmalim people in Medan possessed low group relative deprivation as an impact of the religious knowledge and practice that have been instilled among them.

Identifying and Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in Group Psychotherapy

This chapter focuses upon the major ethical issues that emerge in the practice of group psychotherapy. Four issues are given particular attention: competence, confidentiality, evaluation of progress, and dual relationships. It discusses these issues in terms of the core ethical principles that they engage, and considers how the therapist would go about resolve a conflict between these principles in a given practice situation. The chapter also explicates the impediments that exist to good ethical reasoning in the group situation. These include two broad categories: lack of knowledge and skills, and human factors affecting ethical decision-making. The latter include cognitive biases such as overshadowing, processing errors, and affective stimulation. Ways of surmounting these obstacles are suggested.