Comparison of three kinds of self-expandable metallic stents induced granulation tissue hyperplasia in the rabbit trachea

To compare stent-induced granulation tissue hyperplasia of bare (SEMS), polyurethane-covered (PU-SEMS) and electrospun nanofibre-covered (EN-SEMS) self-expandable metallic stents in the rabbit trachea. Twenty-seven rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups that received SEMS, PU-SEMS or EN-SEMS. Computed tomography and sacrifice were performed as scheduled. Haematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining protocols were performed for pathological analysis. The data for tracheal ventilation area ratio, qualitative histological scoring, number of epithelial layers, and thicknesses of papillary projection and submucosa were documented and statistically analysed. All stents were successfully placed under the guidance of fluoroscopy without complications. Post-stenting 3 and 7 days, computed tomography revealed that the fully expandable EN-SEMS was similar to the SEMS and PU-SEMS. The mean stented tissue score in the SEMS group was higher than those of both the PU-SEMS and EN-SEMS groups at 3 days post-stenting. The pathological findings suggested that there was no papillary projection formation 3 days after stent placement. The thickness of papillary projection in the SEMS group was significantly higher than those of the PU-SEMS and EN-SEMS groups at 7 days post-stenting. After stenting 4 weeks, the tracheal ventilation area ratio of SEMS, PU-SEMS and EN-SEMS was 0.214 ± 0.021, 0.453 ± 0.028 and 0.619 ± 0.033, respectively. There were significant between-group differences. In conclusion, the stent-induced granulation tissue formation in EN-SEMS is less severe than that of PU-SEMS and SEMS. EN-SEMS has smaller radial force, and the tracheal ventilation ratio after stent placement better than that of PU-SEMS.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Four New Species in Absidia (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales) From China

Four new species within the genus Absidia, A. globospora, A. medulla, A. turgida, and A. zonata, are proposed based on a combination of morphological traits, physiological features, and molecular evidences. A. globospora is characterized by globose sporangiospores, a 1.0- to 3.5-μm-long papillary projection on columellae, and sympodial sporangiophores. A. medulla is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 1.0- to 4.5-μm-long bacilliform projection on columellae, and spine-like rhizoids. A. turgida is characterized by variable sporangiospores, up to 9.5-μm-long clavate projections on columellae, and swollen top of the projection and inflated hyphae. A. zonata is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 2.0- to 3.5-μm-long spinous projection on columellae, and as many as eight whorled sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and D1–D2 domains of LSU rDNA support the novelty of these four species within the Absidia. All new species are illustrated, and an identification key to all the known species of Absidia in China is included.

A Simple Ultrasound Examination as Diagnostic Tool for Malignant Ovarian Tumor

Objective: To know the diagnostic value of simple ultrasound examination to detect malignant ovarian tumor. Method: This study used cross-sectional design in gynecology outpatientclinic at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. We recruited the patients with ovarian tumor undergoing surgery between March and July 2015. Samples were taken using consecutive sampling. Analysis was done using Chi-square test and logistic regression to find the relationship between ultrasound morphologic patterns with histopathologic findings, where the significant relationship was p value less than 0.05. Furthermore, a model derived from logistic regression was made to calculate the probability having ovarian malignancy. Result: There were 80 subjects which 58 subjects (72.5%) had benign tumor and 22 subjects (27.5%) had malignant tumor. Ultrasound examination result using  2 morphologic patterns gave malignant result in 53.8% subjects with the sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 82.8%, positive predictive value of 68.8%, and negative predictive value of 100%. The most important patterns were irregular internal cyst wall, multilocular, presence of papillary projection, and presence of solid component. The probability of subject having ovarian malignancy with  3 morphologic patterns was more than 88.9%. Conclusion: Simple ultrasound examination can be used to detect malignant ovarian tumor. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 4-4: 222-226] Keywords: diagnostic, histopathology, morphology pattern; ovarian tumor; ultrasonography

Effects of irradiation using a radioisotope-filled balloon on tissue hyperplasia caused by stent placement in a canine urethral model

Purpose: To evaluate 20 Gy and 40 Gy of intraluminal beta-irradiation using a 188Re-7mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-filled balloon catheter to reduce tissue hyperplasia caused by covered stent placement for 12 weeks of follow-up in a canine urethral model. Material and Methods: Ten dogs underwent 188Re-MAG3-filled balloon dilatation immediately after stent placement; 20 Gy at 1-mm tissue depth in group I ( n = 5) and 40 Gy in group II ( n = 5), whereas 5 dogs (group III) underwent conventional balloon dilatation only. Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups for percentage diameter of stenosis, although this was highest in group III. There was a tendency toward lower mean thickness of the epithelial layer and the papillary projection for out-stent area, and thickness of the papillary projection and degree of inflammatory cells for in-stent area in groups I and II compared with group III. Thickness of the papillary projection in out-stent area was significantly different among the three groups ( P = 0.031). It was significantly less thick in group I than in group III ( P<0.05), whereas group II was not significantly different from group III. Conclusion:188Re-MAG3-filled balloon dilatation has the potential to reduce tissue hyperplasia after 12 weeks of follow-up in a canine urethral model. The use of 20 Gy compared to 40 Gy did not show significant differences.

Observations on the functions of the intestinal canal and liver of the human fœtus

From the circumstances of the early development of the liver and intestines in the fœtus, of the copious supply of blood which they receive, and of the great space which they occupy in the abdomen, the author was led to the conclusion that they performed some important functions in the fœtal economy. Although no nutritive matter can be furnished by the mouth, yet the contents of different portions of the alimentary canal were found, both in appearance and chemical composition, to bear a striking analogy to those of the same portions of the canal in the adult, where the processes of assimilation and absorption are performed. A semi-fluid matter, possessing all the characters of albumen, is found closely adhering to the inner coats of the small intestine; and is more especially abundant around the papillary projection, through which the common duct of the liver opens into the duodenum, and diminishes in quantity as we trace it towards the termination of the ileum. The great intestines are generally distended with a dark green homogeneous fluid, containing no albumen, and apparently excrementitious. No albumen can be detected in the contents of the stomach. Hence the author infers that an absorption of some nutritious substance, which he brings forward several arguments to show must be derived from the liver, takes place from the intestinal canal in the latter months of gestation. He states that in two instances he detected the presence of a substance, similar to that which he had found in the duodenum, in the hepatic duct itself; hence he is led to the conclusion that the function of the liver in the fœtus is not confined to the separation of excrementitious matter from the blood, but that it supplies materials subservient to nutrition. That the substances existing in the intestines of the fœtus are not derived from the mouth, is proved by their being equally found in acephalous children, or where the œsophagus is impervious, as where no such mal-conformation exists. A note is subjoined to this paper by Dr. Prout, giving an account of the mode by which he ascertained the chemical character of the substance referred to his examination; and the paper is accompanied by drawings of the intestinal tube in the fœtus.