Anti-crisis financial management – component of industrial enterprise management

In the course of the study, it was found that the factors of the internal and external environment produce a destabilizing effect on the activities of business entities. It has been established that anti-crisis financial management is a necessary attribute in overcoming the influence of negative factors and stabilizing the financial and economic activities of enterprises. On the basis of the conducted critical review, it was found that scientists consider anti-crisis financial management, on the one hand, as a separate direction of management, which is a set of financial methods for preliminary diagnostics and prevention of a financial crisis and aimed at effectively overcoming it, and on the other hand, as a component of the overall enterprise management. The place of anti-crisis financial management among such components as financial management of an enterprise and financial management of an enterprise is schematically determined, and interrelationships between them are established. A typical graph-tree of enterprise goals has been developed, which reflects the relationship of each stage of enterprise management by dividing them by the goals of the current level and outlined the tasks of anti-crisis financial management, the essence of which is to maintain a high level of liquidity and solvency indicators, ensure financial stability and financial balance of the enterprise, prevention of possible bankruptcy, formation of the structure of borrowed sources, and the like. It is proved that anti-crisis financial management should be considered in the context of a component of the general enterprise management system.

Modified Method of State Variables

Formal mathematical model development of an object with lumped parameters is an integral part of CAE systems. The computer-aided design (CAD) system functionality largely depends on the formation method used. The article proposes to modify a method of state variables, which is a pioneer in formal mathematical models development of technical objects whose behaviour is described by a system of ordinary differential equations.The classical method of state variables uses a graph-based representation of the object structure and allows development of its mathematical model in the normal Cauchy form without incorrect locations. The incorrect locations mean situations when capacitance-type branches fall in the graph chords or inductance-type branches fall in the graph tree branches. If there are incorrect locations in the object’s scheme then, to have a model of correct development, additional elements are included to eliminate them. Such an approach is possible if the object description is performed at the level of the basic two-poles, but it is assumed that in all modern CAD systems there is a pre-processor in which it is possible (and as a rule) to use multi-pole components. In this case, it is challenging for an unsophisticated user to make scheme correction.The modified method of state variables proposed in the article is free from this drawback and allows us to obtain a mathematical model in the normal Cauchy form and with incorrect locations available. This will allow us to use both explicit and implicit integration methods, conduct modal analysis, and simply have a model version in the FMI standard.

SYSTEMATIC INTEGRATION OF THE CONTENT OF "MOVEMENT" CONCEPT AS ONE OF THE APPROACHES TO COMPREHENSIVE NATURAL SCIENCES EDUCATION

The basis of each subject is a system of interrelated scientific concepts, from which the quality of the students' knowledge and understanding of the subject matter depends. It is not possible to achieve a level of understanding in natural science education if learning was not systematic. The content of many natural science concepts is so complex that it is impossible to disclose it in one lesson or even in one topic. The content of the concept is disclosed gradually, in parts, by establishing relationships with other concepts, linking them to a system of scientific concepts. Such concepts are being developed throughout the learning period. In this way, a holistic concept of the world is formed. In order to form a system of natural science concepts, it is necessary to make appropriate usage of internal and interdisciplinary integration, to analyse common points of interaction. The principles of systematization and integration of knowledge must be applied. For this purpose, it is appropriate to apply the graph-tree method. This article deals with a systematic integration of the content of "movement" concept as one of the approaches to comprehensive natural science education. The graph-tree method is used to reveal the integrity of “movement” concept in basic education. The concept of movement is chosen as one of the most important concepts of science, differently known and understood by all students. Movement in biological, chemical or physical processes at different levels and in different aspects is analysed by learners at all stages of general education. Keywords: natural science education, internal and interdisciplinary integration, graph tree method, movement.

RATIONAL CHOICE OF MACHINING TOOLS USING PREDICTION PROCEDURES

Introducing the methods and procedures for predictive analysis into the design process contours of a variety of machining tools (MT) of metal cutting machines is the main aim of this article. A sequence of realization of prediction object (PO) choice as an initial stage of search of perspective designs is offered. Effective in this regard is the "Tree of objectives" apparatus, on the basis of which many ways of improving MT are formed, selecting progressive (reducing the dimension of the problem) at each level of the hierarchy of the constructed graph-tree. The procedure for selecting the prediction method (PM) as a means of generating the forecast data is developed. The task of choosing a method is structured in detail and uses "Information supply"as the main criterion. To this end, assessment scales of choice criteria have been formed, on the basis of which it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness for the PM selection process. The rules forPOcoding are introduced by a three-element information code, including information source classes – static data, expert estimates and patent data. The process of forecasting the MT components by the method of engineering forecasting on the basis of a representative patent fund is realized. The General Definition Table has been built (GDT "Machining tools") and estimates of the prospects of design solutions have been obtained. A fragment of the database of 3D models of promising MT designs in the integrated computer-aided design KOMPAS-3D is proposed.

INTEGRATED ACCESS TO ANALYSIS OF LIGHT AND COLOR PERCEPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF GENERAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

One of the most important goals of natural science education is the formation of holistic understanding of nature phenomena. This is guaranteed by an integrated science education access. It is important to keep in mind that all natural sciences share similar methodological principles, common concepts, the need to solve practical problems, etc. The formation of a holistic understanding of the natural sciences requires the application of the principles of systematization of knowledge and the realization of interdisciplinary relations. This article presents an integrated access to the analysis of light and color perception in the context of general education of natural sciences. The implementation of interdisciplinary physics, biology, healthy lifestyle and computer technology relations is is being discussed by analyzing the phenomenon of light and color perception. The graph-tree method is used to reveal an integrated access of light and color perception. For this purpose, the structure of content in the basic and secondary education general programs is analyzed, the content itself is discussed, the interdependence of the structural components of the content, contact points are determined. In this way, the links between the content of different subjects are revealed, cross-curricular relationships are observed, the required knowledge of different subjects is described, the main components of the process are highlighted and aspects of the process development are foreseen. The graph-tree of light and color perception is created. To sum up, the importance of color perception is emphasized. The possibility to test your color vision on the web is introduced. A series of color blindness tests available online are presented. These tests allow checking your personal type of color vision deficiency and the severity of it. Testing color vision and discussing their results is suggested by collaborating with IT and science teachers. Key words: science education, interdisciplinary relations, light, color vision, graph-tree.

SEARCHING OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RELATIONS BY EXPLORING THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Science education is based on knowledge of natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry, physics and astronomy. One of the main tasks of natural science education – to be able to discover the connection between the natural science subjects, and to understand the nature processes and phenomena. Interdisciplinary science education emphasizes in general programs of basic and secondary education. Educational practice and research shows that not all science subjects’ teachers are equally prepared to use interdisciplinarity in their lessons. This analysis focuses on the searching of interdisciplinary links by experimentally exploring the phenomenon of photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis was selected as one of the most important phenomena of nature, known and understandable for all students at different levels. In order to reveal and highlight the essential integration links of photosynthesis three stages research (an experimental exploring of photosynthesis, a semi-structured interview survey, graph-tree drawing) was carried out. Graph-tree of photosynthesis revealed as content of physics, chemistry and biology subjects are linked by integrative relations. Quite wide and deep interdisciplinary links of photosynthesis process was discerned: knowledge of each subject needed in order to properly understand and master the process of photosynthesis was shown; the main components of photosynthesis process were excluded and aspects of the development of the concept have been provided. Key words: science education, interdisciplinary relations, the process of photosynthesis, graph-tree.