ACTUALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION TOWARDS A SOCIETY 5.0 ERA THROUGH UNDERSTANDING EDUCATION MANAGEMENT, MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITY

Currently the presence of the millennial generation is sunnatullah, the emergence of this generation is due to advances in science and technology. Millennials rely heavily on social media, however, they do not yet have a strong filter to be able to filter the information they receive. The millennial generation also has challenges in facing a new era in their life, namely the era of society 5.0 as a complement to the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. In this instantaneous era, various religious problems that never end, such as rampant politicization, terrorism, radicalism, extremism, disintegration, misuse of da'wah, exploitation of the people, so many hate speeches, hoaxes and slander are now flooding the faces of the diversity of the nation. In relation to this impact, the level of understanding of education management, mental health awareness, and organizational activeness turned out to be greatly influences human behavior, especially for new students who are vulnerable to invitations from outside influences. Facing an era like this, it is time for the millennial generation to take part in actualizing the moderation of religion as a solution to religious problems.

Impacts of invasive annual grasses and their litter vary by native functional strategy

Invasive species may act as a functional filter on native communities by differentially affecting species with different trait values. Across environments, invasive plants typically display traits associated with high resource acquisition and fast growth. Conversely, native plants, especially those in water-limited environments, tend to adopt one of two functional strategies: fast growth during high resource availability to avoid stress (resource-acquisitive), or slow growth during resource-poor conditions to tolerate stress (resource-conservative). While invasive competition can be a strong filter on these groups, many invaders also alter the structure of native communities through their accumulation of litter. How fast-growing invaders with litter shift native functional communities remains unknown. To elucidate these functional shifts, I manipulated invasive annual grasses and their litter in an annual grassland and followed the demographic rates of six native annual forb species that varied in their functional strategy. Live grass competition alone decreased per capita growth rates of resource-acquisitive natives and had no effect on resource-conservative natives. The presence of litter, however, decreased growth rates in both functional types of natives, with stronger declines in resource-acquisitive species through differential effects on seed set and germination. Invaders in this system thus create an unfavorable environment for natives through litter, limiting the capacity of both resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative native forbs to maintain high population growth. These findings suggest that grass invasions have the potential to dramatically shift the functional composition of native communities through the time-lagged effects of their litter.

How Does Mining Salinisation Gradient Affect the Structure and Functioning of Macroinvertebrate Communities?

Elevated salinity creates degrading conditions for the development of aquatic biota in different regions of the world. There is a need for research on freshwater salinisation in order to understand how this stressor alters ecosystem function and to predict changes in biodiversity globally. Such data are missing from Central Europe, and therefore, the presented study was performed in inland anthropogenic ponds with different salinity levels located in the second largest European hard coal basin. The researcher indicated a positive correlation between water salinity and the biomass and density of macrozoobenthos as well as the percentage of shredders and the abundance of alien species, whereas there was a decrease in taxa diversity and richness and the abundance of filtering and gathering collectors and predators along with increasing salinity. The survey showed that a high level of nutrients and organic matter were also significantly correlated with the distribution of the macroinvertebrate taxa and functional feeding groups. The conducted research confirmed that mining salinisation acts as a strong filter that shapes the biodiversity because it affects the composition, abundance, biomass and functional traits of benthic macroinvertebrates and significantly contributes to the invasion of alien species.

Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembelajaran PAI bagi Generasi Z

The current young generation or the so-called Z generation is a generation born after 2000 until now and is very attached to gadgets. The ease that they have in accessing media, unfortunately, is not accompanied by a strong filter ability to be able to sort and select the information they receive. Therefore, today's teachers need to prepare themselves by developing their competencies to handle it. The solution offered is the development of the competence of PAI (Islamic religious education) teachers to be able to understand their students, who generally come from Z generation so that the learning process of PAI becomes effective. This service activity aims to help teachers and prospective teachers in increasing their understanding, awareness, and strategies in creating a PAI learning process that is interesting for the Z Generation. The implementation of activities in the form of workshops related to effective communication between teacher and students, the urgency of PAI in shaping character, the introduction of the characteristics of the Z Generation and PAI learning strategies for the Z Generation and closed with a share and care session. The workshop was conducted using an interactive method, between speakers and participants and supported by an assembly of sharing and care that strengthens and enhances the experiences and insights of teachers and prospective teachers on how to handle the Z generation in the Islamic religious education learning process

The roles of microbes in the removal and inactivation of viruses in a biological wastewater treatment system

The objective of this research is to clarify the mechanism for virus removal in an activated sludge process. The roles of microbes, i.e. bacteria, protozoa and metazoa, which form activated sludge were investigated using poliovirus as a model virus. In a bacteria cultures, the virus concentration decreased in the first one hour after which no further decrease was observed. This phenomenon is explained by the interaction of bacterial floc and virus where virus was removed by reversible adsorption. On the other hand, in the mixed culture of bacteria and protozoa, or of bacteria and metazoa, the virus removal process was observed to proceed in two first-order processes. In the first stage, virus was removed from the liquid phase by adsorption onto the floc, whereas in the second stage, virus is removed by predation of the other microbes, i.e. protozoa or metazoa. Moreover, the floc-forming ability and the feeding manner of the microbes strongly affected the virus removal. Especially, a filter feeder microbe was more effective in virus removal than a detritus feeder microbe. Among the microbes used in the experiments, P. erythrophthalma which had a large mouth and a strong filter-feeding ability as well as a high floc-forming ability showed the most efficient virus removal.

VARIATION OF METEOR ECHO RATES WITH RADAR SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Observations made with crossed-polarization radar system systems do not support the suggestion that the ionized meteor trail may act as a strong filter–polarizer of the incident radio wave. Experiments have been carried out to determine the variation of normal meteor echo rates with transmitter power, antenna gain, and radio wave length, and all confirm Lovell's scattering formula, provided that account is taken of the effective broadening of the scattering pattern of the meteor trail with increasing wave length. The limiting sensitivity of the 9.22 m. 200 kw. radar is determined to be about 9th magnitude. During a strong visual shower the observed increase in visual rates and low-power radar rates, compared to high-power radar rates, is explained by assuming that the magnitude distribution of the shower meteors differs from the normal nonshower distribution.