Investigation of microflow reactor diameter on condensation reactions in L-proline-immobilized polymer monoliths

The effect of monolith structure and monolith reactor inner diameter on residence time distribution (RTD), and the relationship between RTD and the catalytic efficiency of the asymmetric aldol addition reaction...

THE EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF FUEL BALL (KERNEL) DIMENSION SIZE AND URANIUM ENRICHMENT TO REACTOR REACTIVITY

Reactor reactivity does not only depend on reactor diameter but also radius and enrichment of fuel ball (kernel) to operate reactor optimally. This research analyses effectiveness of kernel radius and enrichment to achieve critical reactor condition. The HTR in this research adopts HTR-10 China and HTR of pebble bed. The calculations are performed by using MCNPX code in each kernel radii of 320-350 µm and enrichments of 5-10% Uranium. Kernel is composed of Uranium Dioxide coated by four outer layers: Carbon, IpyC (Inner Pyrolytic Coating), SiC (Silicon Carbides) and OpyC (Outer Pyrolytic Coating). It is called TRISO and it is distributed in pebble-bed ball using Simple Cubic Lattice whereas pebble-bed and moderator balls are distributed in the core zone using a Body Centred Cubic (BCC) lattice by ratio of 57:43. The research results are obtained that the reactor will be effective to achieve critical condition in kernel radius of 325-330 µm at 9% Uranium enrichment and will be in supercritical condition if the reactor uses more than 330 µm of kernel radius and 9% enrichment of Uranium but the reactor will be subcritical if Uranium enrichment is 5-8%.

The Development of Standard Agitator Conditions for Effective Performance of a Batch Crutcher in the Frame of Semi-Boiled Process

The saponification reactor, otherwise called the crutcher is a dual purpose unit operational vessel that serves for reactor and mixer in the production of soapy detergent. Little or no efforts have been made by available literatures to work on the crutcher agitation concepts and geometry which determines the rate of reaction and degree of homogeneity of reactor mixture in the crutcher as used in the currently most widely applied semi-boiled process. This paper presents for the first time the standard optimum agitation conditions for effective performance of a crutcher for semi-boiled laundry soap production. A standard reactor volume to diameter of 0.17 m3/m and height to diameter ratio of 1.2 ratios on 7 % over design, agitator speeds of 0.75 rps (paddle), motor power of 10.5 W and torque of 2.24 Nm with impeller to reactor diameter of 1/3 and teflon shaft centralizer have been developed. The introduction of “bottom scrapper” component to the agitation unit in a cone bottomed cylindrical batch reactor would enhance mixing and heat transfer, eliminate recycling unit and the application of under steam bubbling for effective cone content mixing. Also, the introduction of 4 baffles on 0.5 × 10–2 m clearance from impeller blades would promote efficient mixing and heat transfer. The overall conditions developed ensured effective mixing, heat transfer and high rate of reaction.

Study on the Ozone Treatment of Night-Soil Sewage

Night-soil pollution is a serious environmental and public health problem in highly populated and developing countries. Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to study the chroma and COD removal effect of night-soil sewage by ozone oxidation technique. The results show that, both the chroma and COD of night-soil sewage decrease with the growth of ozone dosage, and the chroma removal rate can be up to 90%, while the COD removal rate is less than 50%. The utilization efficiency of ozone decreases with the chroma reduction or the reactor diameter increasing. The appropriate diameter of ozonization reactor used in eco-friendly toilets is 150mm, and the optimal ozone dosage is 400mg/L.