Numerical investigation on adsorbent particle erosion characteristic of Y-shaped pipeline in S Zorb regeneration system with different influencing parameters

As the transportation pipeline of adsorbent in S Zorb regeneration system, due to large mass flow rate of particle and gas, it is often seriously worn, and even perforated, resulting in the leakage of adsorbent. It brings great inconvenience to the transportation of regenerated adsorbent and threats its long-term operation. Therefore, it is essential to study the erosion characteristic of Y-shaped adsorbent transportation pipe. It was studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and the calculation results were validated by actual erosion profile. The results show that the high velocity of nitrogen and the high weight-fraction adsorbent particles accumulation is the key factor leading to severe erosion. It is also found that the small angle cutting is the erosion form. The effects of the intersection angle between the transportation pipe and feed pipe and the gas inlet velocity on the particle motion and erosion characteristics turn out to be significant. The research on the wear characteristics of adsorbent transportation pipeline can provide a certain reference for erosion prevention and optimization.

Multiple origins of obligate nematode and insect symbionts by a clade of bacteria closely related to plant pathogens

Obligate symbioses involving intracellular bacteria have transformed eukaryotic life, from providing aerobic respiration and photosynthesis to enabling colonization of previously inaccessible niches, such as feeding on xylem and phloem, and surviving in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. A major challenge in the study of obligate symbioses is to understand how they arise. Because the best studied obligate symbioses are ancient, it is especially challenging to identify early or intermediate stages. Here we report the discovery of a nascent obligate symbiosis in Howardula aoronymphium, a well-studied nematode parasite of Drosophila flies. We have found that H. aoronymphium and its sister species harbor a maternally inherited intracellular bacterial symbiont. We never find the symbiont in nematode-free flies, and virtually all nematodes in the field and the laboratory are infected. Treating nematodes with antibiotics causes a severe reduction in fly infection success. The association is recent, as more distantly related insect-parasitic tylenchid nematodes do not host these endosymbionts. We also report that the Howardula nematode symbiont is a member of a widespread monophyletic group of invertebrate host-associated microbes that has independently given rise to at least four obligate symbioses, one in nematodes and three in insects, and that is sister to Pectobacterium, a lineage of plant pathogenic bacteria. Comparative genomic analysis of this group, which we name Candidatus Symbiopectobacterium, shows signatures of genome erosion characteristic of early stages of symbiosis, with the Howardula symbiont’s genome containing over a thousand predicted pseudogenes, comprising a third of its genome.

Research methodology for determining the economic efficiency of using low-intensity irrigation systems in mountain farming in Azerbaijan

For a well-known purpose in 2010-2015, Guba-Khachmaz RAEM, Tartar and RAEM Shamakhi TSB have been confirmed by numerous research findings in the field of mountain watering, in terms of the development of irrigation, the mountainous slopes include soybean, sugar beet, trees, and germination (barley, wheat, etc.), the microcirculation method was not cost-effective in terms of efficiency, and preventive measures such as surface soil wash, sliding, irrigation and drowning, erosion characteristic for mountainous terrain zones , which is of particular importance, confirms the feasibility study of the farm calculated with the following formula.

Biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Ionian Zone Ammonitico Rosso in the Mavron Oros area (NW Epirus, Greece) - Paleogeographic implications.

New biostratigraphic and sedimentologic data on the Ammonitico Rosso (AR) formation in the Mavron Oros area (Ionian zone, NW Epirus) show that its thickness progressively reduces towards the N-NW (from 15 to 7m). Two sections were studied, in the thick (A) and thin succession (B) respectively. The ammonite fauna indicates a stratigraphic range for the AR from the early Toarcian to the Aalenian, in section A, and from the upper part of Middle Toarcian to the Aalenian, in section B. Thus, AR deposition was transgressive, confirming the stratigraphic pinching-out of the synrift formations, observed in the same area towards the N-NW. Sedimentologic observations showed that the AR in section B (where AR base is missing) consists of nodular mud-to wackestones with subsolved ammonite shells, and clear indices of early lithification and subsequent solution of fine carbonate material. These observations indicate low rates of sedimentation and repeated phases of non-deposition and submarine erosion, characteristic for seamount environment.