Optimal Sensor Placement in Reduced-Order Models Using Modal Constraint Conditions

Sensor measurements of civil structures provide basic information on their performance. However, it is impossible to install sensors at every location owing to the limited number of sensors available. Therefore, in this study, we propose an optimal sensor placement (OSP) algorithm while reducing the system order by using the constraint condition between the master and slave modes from the target modes. The existing OSP methods are modified in this study, and an OSP approach using a constrained dynamic equation is presented. The validity and comparison of the proposed methods are illustrated by utilizing a numerical example that predicts the OSPs of the truss structure. It is observed that the proposed methods lead to different sensor layouts depending on the algorithm criteria. Thus, it can be concluded that the OSP algorithm meets the measurement requirements for various methods, such as structural damage detection, system identification, and vibration control.

Manifest form of the spin-local higher-spin vertex $$\varUpsilon ^{\eta \eta }_{\omega CCC}$$

Vasiliev generating system of higher-spin equations allowing to reconstruct nonlinear vertices of field equations for higher-spin gauge fields contains a free complex parameter $$\eta $$ η . Solving the generating system order by order one obtains physical vertices proportional to various powers of $$\eta $$ η and $${\bar{\eta }}$$ η ¯ . Recently $$\eta ^2$$ η 2 and $${\bar{\eta }}^2$$ η ¯ 2 vertices in the zero-form sector were presented in Didenko et al. (JHEP 2012:184, 2020) in the Z-dominated form implying their spin-locality by virtue of Z-dominance Lemma of Gelfond and Vasiliev (Phys. Lett. B 786:180, 2018). However the vertex of Didenko et al. (2020) had the form of a sum of spin-local terms dependent on the auxiliary spinor variable Z in the theory modulo so-called Z-dominated terms, providing a sort of existence theorem rather than explicit form of the vertex. The aim of this paper is to elaborate an approach allowing to systematically account for the effect of Z-dominated terms on the final Z-independent form of the vertex needed for any practical analysis. Namely, in this paper we obtain explicit Z-independent spin-local form for the vertex $$\varUpsilon ^{\eta \eta }_{\omega CCC}$$ Υ ω C C C η η for its $$\omega CCC$$ ω C C C -ordered part where $$\omega $$ ω and C denote gauge one-form and field strength zero-form higher-spin fields valued in an arbitrary associative algebra in which case the order of product factors in the vertex matters. The developed formalism is based on the Generalized Triangle identity derived in the paper and is applicable to all other orderings of the fields in the vertex.

Online Lectures on Learning Achievement at Student of Guidance Counseling (Subject Personal Development Counselor) and Physical Education (Subject Sports Health)

Almost a year, Indonesia is in a situation that is quite complicated, due to the spread of covid-19 significantly in many areas, it is then compounded by the numbers died fairly high. Governments and health workers have always called people to always maintain a healthy lifestyle and clean, to avoid the spread of this virus. From its appearance to a pattern of adaptation that has been done many, covid-19 directly has affected and changed the system order of human life in all sectors, not least in the world of education. In this pandemic period, various factors emerged in their own way which greatly influenced the system and even the habit patterns of learning activities. After approximately 1 year running, online lecturing has become a habit that occurs in learning, so it also affects learning achievement. Therefore, this research will look at the extent to which the online lecture process carried out in the current year also affects the learning achievement of students of the BK Study Program and the Penjaskesrek Study Program, FKIP, Undana Kupang. The conclusions obtained: (1) There is a significant effect of online lectures on student achievement of Counseling Guidance students and (2) There is a significant effect of online lectures on student learning achievement of Penjaskesrek.

Exploring System of Systems Resilience vs. Affordability Trade-Space Using a Bio-Inspired Metric

The objective of this study is to investigate the value of an ecologically inspired architectural metric called the Degree of System Order in the System of Systems (SoS) architecting process. Two highly desirable SoS attributes are the ability to withstand and recover from disruptions (resilience) and affordability. In practice, more resilient SoS architectures are less affordable and it is essential to balance the trade-offs between the two attributes. Ecological research analyzing long-surviving ecosystems (nature's resilient SoS) using the Degree of System Order metric has found a unique balance of efficient and redundant interactions in their architecture. This balance implies that highly efficient ecosystems tend to be inflexible and vulnerable to perturbations while highly redundant ecosystems fail to utilize resources effectively for survival. Motivated by this unique architectural property of ecosystems, this study investigates the response to disruptions vs. affordability trade-space of a large number of feasible SoS architectures. Results indicate that the most favorable SoS architectures in this trade-space share a specific range of values of Degree of System Order. This suggests that Degree of System Order can be a key metric in engineered SoS development. Evaluating the Degree of System Order does not require detailed simulations and can, therefore, guide the early stage SoS design process towards more optimal SoS architectures.