A Functional SNP in the Promoter of LBX1 Is Associated With the Development of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Through Involvement in the Myogenesis of Paraspinal Muscles

Previous studies have shown that LBX1 is associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in multiple populations. For the first time, rs1322330 located in the putative promoter region of LBX1 was found significantly associated with AIS in the Chinese population [p = 6.08 × 10–14, odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval of 1.03–1.55]. Moreover, the luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay supported that the allele A of rs1322330 could down-regulate the expression of LBX1 in the paraspinal muscles of AIS. In addition, silencing LBX1 in the myosatellite cells resulted in significantly inhibited cell viability and myotube formation, which supported an essential role of LBX1 in muscle development of AIS. To summarize, rs1322330 may be a novel functional SNP regulating the expression of LBX1, which was involved in the etiology of AIS possibly via regulation of myogenesis in the paraspinal muscles.

Transcriptional Regulation of CD40 Expression by 4 Ribosomal Proteins via a Functional SNP on a Disease-Associated CD40 Locus

Previously, using FREP-MS, we identified a protein complex including eight proteins that specifically bind to the functional SNP (fSNP) rs6032664 at a CD40 locus associated with autoimmune diseases. Among these eight proteins, four are ribosomal proteins RPL26, RPL4, RPL8, and RPS9 that normally make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of protein translation. So far, no publication has shown these ribosomal proteins function as transcriptional regulators. In this work, we demonstrate that four ribosomal proteins: RPL26, RPL4, RPL8, and RPS9 are bona fide CD40 transcriptional regulators via binding to rs6032664. In addition, we show that suppression of CD40 expression by RPL26 RNAi knockdown inactivates NF-κB p65 by dephosphorylation via NF-κB signaling pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which further reduces the transcription of disease-associated risk genes such as STAT4, CD86, TRAF1 and ICAM1 as the direct targets of NF-κB p65. Based on these findings, a disease-associated risk gene transcriptional regulation network (TRN) is generated, in which decreased expression of, at least, RPL26 results in the downregulation of risk genes: STAT4, CD86, TRAF1 and ICAM1, as well as the two proinflammatory cytokines: IL1β and IL6 via CD40-induced NF-κB signaling. We believe that further characterization of this disease-associated TRN in the CD40-induced NF-κB signaling by identifying both the upstream and downstream regulators will potentially enable us to identify the best targets for drug development.

On the hypothesis of an association between ABCC11 polymorphism and breast cancer. Ethnic aspect

Для проверки гипотезы об ассоциации полиморфизма 538G>A ABCC11 и рака молочной железы (РМЖ) проведено сравнительное исследование выборок больных и контроля европеоидных женщин РФ - страны с высокой смертностью. Полученные данные не подтверждают гипотезу о повышенном риске РМЖ у носителей ABCC11*538G. To test the hypothesis about an association between ABCC11 538G>A polymorphism and breast cancer we analysed the frequency of this functional SNP in case-control breast cancer study of Caucasian women from Russia (one of top-ten mortality rate countries) but found no evidence for increased breast cancer risk.

S176. A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF COMT GENE INVOLVEMENT IN COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY AND ATTENTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Background Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are often characterised by a plateau or decline in cognitive abilities early in the prodrome. The cause of developmental alteration remains unknown, and investigation of genetic involvement in cognitive function in these disorders may assist the understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms involved. Variation at two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene have previously shown an influence on COMT protein levels and cognition; rs4680 and rs4818. Here we investigate the influence of the nonsynonymous “Val/Met” SNP rs4680 and a second functional SNP, rs4818, on tasks of cognitive flexibility and attention. Methods The sample comprised 48 healthy controls (HC; age = 31.95 ± 12.80; 25 males, 23 females), and 43 with a diagnosis of SSD (age = 41.64 ± 10.36; 26 males, 17 females). Measures of cognitive flexibility and attention included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP), Trail Making Test (TMT), and the D-KEFS Colour Word Interference Test (CWIT). Due to small cohort sizes, in our preliminary analyses we chose to compare people who should be most severely affected because of inheriting COMT haplotypes associated with poor cognitive functioning (GG rs4818 / GG rs4680: G-G haplotype) to those with haplotypes associated with better cognitive functioning (CC rs4818 / AA rs4680: C-A haplotype). Multivariate analysis of variance factors included COMT haplotype, diagnosis (HC and SSD), and gender, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; age was included as a covariate. Analyses were also conducted based on a non-functional SNP of the COMT gene; rs165599, as a negative control. Results SSD exhibited reduced cognitive performance compared to HC; F(4, 75) = 8.810, p < .001. Investigation of C-A haplotype revealed an interaction with diagnosis on cognitive performance; F(8, 154) = 2.075, p = .041; SSD had reduced performance compared to HC for the WCST, CPT-IP, and TMT in C-A haplotypes (all p < .05). COMT haplotype also interacted with gender on cognitive performance (C-A haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.315, p = .023, G-G haplotype; F(8, 154) = 2.706, p = .008). Males who were C-A non-carriers and /or G-G haplotype (high COMT activity groups) performed better on CPT-IP (both p < .05) and worse on CWIT (both p < .05) compared to females. Control SNP rs165599 revealed no main effects or significant interactions (all p > .05). Discussion The role of the COMT gene in the cognitive abilities of SSD remains contentious as gene expression does not differ from a healthy population. This preliminary analysis revealed an interaction between diagnosis and COMT haplotype, however, this only reached statistical significance for the C-A haplotype, where SSD with C-A haplotype and C-A non-carriers had reduced performance compared to HC on most tasks except TMT. The different effects found across the tasks, which probed various elements of cognitive flexibility and attention, supports a nuanced role of COMT in cognitive function. Further, high COMT activity was beneficial for males on CPT-IP but not CWIT compared to females. Gender interaction remains a significant consideration in studies of the COMT gene, likely involving the catechol-estrogens which are substrates of COMT. As expected there was no significant results with control SNP rs165599, indicating that findings were due to the influence of SNPs rs4680 and rs4818 on COMT activity.