Conservation Effort of Sonneratia caseolaris in Lampung Mangrove Center

Mangrove forest product like Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris) can be processed into food however its conservation effort is limited. This research aimed to determine the conservation effort that Margasari villagers did related to the utilization of Pedada (Sonneratia caseolaris). This research was done in march 2017 in Lampung Mangrove Centre. The study used questionnaire method with the number of respondent was 97 women. The results showed that most of women in Margasari Village are housewives, and the rest work as enterpreneur, honorary in reading house snail hunter, fishmonger, farmer and net maker. Their jobs could help the economy of the villagers. The conservation effort performed by community in Margasari Village were incuding the direct and indirect, preservation through planting and nursery. The conservation effort that related to pedada utilization was by processing into pedada lemonade and ‘pedada dodol’. The conservation effort consisted the aspects of protection, preservation, and utilization with the most conservation effort was utilization. The results showed that the important value index of pedada trees was 173%, Lamtoro trees was 75% and Buta-Buta trees was 54%. Key Words : conservation, mangrove, Sonneratia caseolaris, villagers.

REGISTROS RECIENTES DE JAGUAR (Panthera onca) EN EL ESTADO DE HIDALGO, MÉXICO

ABSTRACTIn this note we present two new records of jaguar (Panthera onca) for the cloud forest of the Sierra Hidalguense region. These new records confirm the presence of the jaguar in this region, and evidence that some wild areas of Hidalgo State potentially have suitable conditions for the species persistence. We discuss the potential of the Sierra Hidalguense region to provide connectivity between the jaguar populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico. It is necessary to improve the knowledge of jaguar distribution in the Hidalgo State to implement appropriate conservation plans for the species in eastern Mexico. Key words: Conservation, Hidalgo, La Misión, Panthera onca, Sierra Gorda.

Comprehensive analysis of advantages and disadvantages of estimation methods of land conservation (using GIS)

The research includes generalization and compilation of the information which concerns spatial distribution of Ukraine conservation areas. The vital problems concerned to ineffective usage of conservation areas were discussed. The existing criteria and indexes which are used for assessing of natural conservation areas were discussed. The main advantages and disadvantages of the indexes were analyzed. The database and the thematic maps of conservation areas spatial distribution were designed utilizing geoinformational application MapInfo. Ukraine’s regions were compared by different conservation area indexes. Comprehended approach to estimation of conservation areas was implemented based on cluster analysis. Complex zoning of Ukraine based on spatial distribution of conservation areas was offered. Key words: conservation area indexes, geographic informational systems, cluster analysis.

Conception of land conservation on the example of Lviv regions

The problems of conservation of degraded and infertiled lands are examined (on the example of Lviv region). The purpose and task of lands conservation and current state of work land conservation of Lviv region are showed. Criteria and standards of land degradation are worked out, and direction and stages of land conservation are recommended. Key words: conservation-reglamentation, conservation-rehabilitation, conservation-transformations, degree of degradation, depredated and infertiled lands.

Nervilia makinnoni Duthie. and Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. (Orchidaceae): new records for flora of Nepal

Nervilia makinnoni Duthie and Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) are reported as new records to Nepal. Detail description, illustrations and relevant notes are provided. Key words: conservation status; herbarium; orchids; phenology.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2920 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 109-110

Trifluralin and ethalfluralin granules in conservation-tillage soybeans (Glycine max)

Field experiments were conducted on loam soils in North Dakota to evaluate green and yellow foxtail control and grain yield in soybeans after fall application of trifluralin or ethalfluralin granules in untilled wheat stubble. Herbicides applied in October or November were left unincorporated or were "incorporated" with conservation-tillage methods including an undercutter, rotary hoe, or undercutter followed by a rotary hoe. A conventionally tilled standard treatment was included where trifluralin or ethalfluralin were incorporated by a field cultivator. Levels of postplant residue were at least 52% cover and 3810 kg ha−1 of aboveground dry matter where herbicide granules were left unincorporated or were incorporated by conservation-tillage methods. Trifluralin and ethalfluralin at 1.12 kg ha−1 applied as granules in mid-October in untilled stubble and incorporated with conservation-tillage methods controlled foxtail 88–92% and 87–94%, respectively, as determined the following June. Control in conservation-tillage treatments was as effective as the conventional tillage standard of trifluralin or ethalfluralin at 1.12 kg ha−1. Soybean yield correlated reasonably well with foxtail control and appeared to be maximized where good weed control was achieved either in conventional tillage or in conservation tillage with use of the undercutter. Key words: Conservation tillage, no-tillage, trifluralin, ethalfluralin, rotary hoe, undercutter

Mainstreaming Conservation Agendas in the Current Socio-Political Development Context

Key Words: Conservation, Green sector, GDP, Federalism, Restructuring, Educating and Awaring, Ecological and economic benefits, Liability, Select group of audience, Biopolitics, Positive guidance and conflict. DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2543 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp199-201

Comparative Analysis of the Flora of Morang District and Adjoining Areas of Nepal

Nine hundred and forty seven species of vascular plants under 661 genera and 172 families were recorded from Morang district and adjoining areas of Nepal. The genus-species ratio of the vascular plants in general and angiosperms in particular was 1:1.43 and 1:1.44, respectively; and 498 genera of vascular plants were represented by a single species only. On the basis of number of species, Polypodiaceae (11) was the largest family of pteridophytes, and Pinaceae (3) of gymnosperms. Among the angiosperms ten largest families were: Leguminosae (91)>Poaceae (80)> Asteraceae (57)>Euphorbiaceae (31)> Cyperaceae (28)> Rubiaceae(26) > Lamiaceae and Solanaceae (22 each) > Acanthaceae (21)> Orchidaceae (20) > Convolvulaceae (16). The biological spectrum of the study area was phanerotherophytic type. Key words: Conservation, Exotic weeds, Floristic analysis, Life forms, Reproductive seasonsdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.336Our Nature (2005) 3: 63-68

Status and Distribution of Blue Sheep, Tibetan Argali and the Kiang in Damodar Kunda Area, Upper Mustang, Nepal

During September 2003, status and distribution of blue sheep, Tibetan argali and kiang was studied in Damodar Kunda area. A total of twelve days were expended in the field for data collection. Areas suspected for high faunal diversity were visited and searched out using binoculars and Nikon spotting scope. Altogether 395 blue sheep (N=21) were recorded. The percentage of female was comparatively higher (n=116) than the male (n=65), yearling (n=32) and lamb (n=52). The ratio of male to female observed during the survey was 1:2 and the ratio of female to lamb is 2:1 respectively. Mean group size was 18.8 individuals with a density of 5.6/sq. kms. Seventy seven individuals of Tibetan argali (N=4) were recorded. Mean group size is 19.3 individuals with a density of 1.1/sq km. Fifty five individuals of Tibetan wild ass (N=10) were recorded. Mean group size was 5.5 individuals with a density of 0.8/sq. km. Upper Damodar Kunda valley is less disturbed compared to lower valley but most parts are barren and have desert like environment. The disturbances caused by livestock grazing and herders camp have direct impact on the wildlife population of the region. Key words: Conservation, Distribution, Disturbances, Statusdoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.335Our Nature (2005) 3: 56-62