On the Two Working Palettes of Almada Negreiros at DN Building in Lisbon (1939–1940): First Analytical Approach and Insight on the Use of Cd Based Pigments

This paper reports the first analytical approach carried out on two working palettes by Portuguese modernist master Almada Negreiros, found in 1991 behind old wood cabinets at the DN building in Lisbon. This is the only known occasion Almada left behind the color experiments done before starting to paint in the nearby walls and as such, it is a unique opportunity to analyze the materials and painting techniques that were originally used. The analytical setup comprised in loco technical photography in Vis, UVF and NIR; p-OM, spectrophotometry in Vis and h-EDXRF, complemented by OM-Vis, µ-FT-IR and VP-SEM-EDS of painting micro-samples and pigments in powder form. Preliminary results suggested the use of fresco painting technique and revealed some technical details, such as the use of a coarse lime sand finishing mortar mixed with natural vegetable fibers, and the extensive use of cadmium-based pigments that were not commonly used (or even recommended) in an alkaline environment. The Cd pigments were used alone or in mixtures with Fe based pigments in the warm hues and with cobalt and ultramarine blue pigments in some green paint layers. No clear evidence of organic materials that could have been used as binders was detected.

The Colour of Pine Needles and Nightingales. A Traditional Japanese Copper-based Green Pigment

The article describes a historic Japanese green pigment which was identified in a painting attributed to the Kano school, dating to the Edo period. According to literature, malachite – which is the common translation of the Japanese term rokushō – has been the most widely used green pigment in Japan over a long period of time. Its colour shade could be modified by the use of different degrees of grinding and by heating the pigment. The green paint layer found in the painting was examined using XRF, SEM-EDS and XRPD, and cross sections. Examinations revealed a heterogeneous paint layer which consists of a mixture of various natural copper-containing minerals, some of which also contain arsenic and other elements. A concluding discussion of pigment nomenclature in Japan raises the question if rokushō may in fact be equated with pure malachite.

Evaluating the Safety and Behavioral Impacts of Green Bike Lanes in Suburban Communities

A study of the effects on bicyclist and driver behavior when painting a bike lane green was conducted using video footage along East Thach Avenue in Auburn, Alabama. Whereas most previous studies on the implementation of green bike lanes have focused on primarily urban areas, this study aims to investigate the implications in a suburban community in eastern Alabama. Before and after data on vehicle speed, vehicle lateral location, and bicyclist lateral location were collected and two-sample t-tests were used to analyze the differences between each set of data. Analysis showed that with the addition of green paint to existing bike lanes, vehicle speeds dropped statistically significantly and motorists who were previously giving small amounts of passing space moved further away when passing a bicyclist. In addition, motorists who were previously driving in or near the bike lane when bicyclists were not present moved further toward the center of their lane. Together, these results indicate that the introduction of green paint to existing bike lanes in a suburban area has positive impacts on bicyclist–motorist interactions.

Composition and Spectral Investigation for Tetranitro Iron Phthalocyanine

Because of the dark green color similar to vegetation, tetranitro iron phthalocyanine has great potentiality in military camouflage application. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine was synthesized in the method of improved microwave-assisted synthesis. By single-variable controlling principle, the optimal synthesis conditions in laboratory for tetranitro iron phthalocyanine composing was determined. The spectra difference under different conditions between tetranitro iron phthalocyanine and green vegetation was analyzed. The possibility for using tetranitro iron phthalocyanine as green paint in camouflage was discussed

Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Materials Anticipates at Disinfect the Appliance in the Beaded Paint

Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder materials is a good use of the performance of paint additives , nano-TiO2 bactericidal coating made its added a new type of green paint , and has been applied in China's architectural coating industry and has achieved a good technical and economic effect.This article discusses some technical characteristics and production application prospects of nanoscale TiO2 powder.

Biography of an Artifact: The Theratron Junior and Canada’s Atomic Age

In this article I examine the life of an artifact, the Theratron Junior, a sleek green radiotherapy machine from 1956 displayed in a permanent exhibit at the Canada Science and Technology Museum. It is currently seen through the lens of Canadian innovations, but the Theratron Junior brims with features and history that touch on several other historical narratives—scientific, commercial, labour, aesthetics and patient experience. The striking “sea foam” green paint, for example, has inspired an independent exhibition at the museum on the colour green in twentieth-century medicine. In addition, research into the former life of the specific machine on display (serial no. 15 from 1956), including the people who made and used it, has produced a reinvigorated artifact biography that enriches and challenges conventional narratives from Canada’s early atomic era. The lessons from careful artifact studies are readily clear—we are missing opportunities by taking for granted the most familiar items on our museum floors.