On the Two Working Palettes of Almada Negreiros at DN Building in Lisbon (1939–1940): First Analytical Approach and Insight on the Use of Cd Based Pigments

This paper reports the first analytical approach carried out on two working palettes by Portuguese modernist master Almada Negreiros, found in 1991 behind old wood cabinets at the DN building in Lisbon. This is the only known occasion Almada left behind the color experiments done before starting to paint in the nearby walls and as such, it is a unique opportunity to analyze the materials and painting techniques that were originally used. The analytical setup comprised in loco technical photography in Vis, UVF and NIR; p-OM, spectrophotometry in Vis and h-EDXRF, complemented by OM-Vis, µ-FT-IR and VP-SEM-EDS of painting micro-samples and pigments in powder form. Preliminary results suggested the use of fresco painting technique and revealed some technical details, such as the use of a coarse lime sand finishing mortar mixed with natural vegetable fibers, and the extensive use of cadmium-based pigments that were not commonly used (or even recommended) in an alkaline environment. The Cd pigments were used alone or in mixtures with Fe based pigments in the warm hues and with cobalt and ultramarine blue pigments in some green paint layers. No clear evidence of organic materials that could have been used as binders was detected.

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The age-related maturational pattern of the human subarcuate fossa (petromastoid canal). Preliminary results from the application of a new three-dimensional analytical approach

Comptes Rendus Palevol ◽

10.1016/j.crpv.2014.10.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 139-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delphine Carayon ◽

Frédéric Vaysse ◽

Paul Tramini ◽

Jean Dumoncel ◽

Rémi Esclassan

Keyword(s):

Analytical Approach ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Age Related ◽

Petromastoid Canal

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FT-IR Spectroscopic Study on Some Hofmann-Td Type Complexes: Ni(4-Phenylpyridine)2M(CN)4 (M = Cd or Hg)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2005-8-912 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (8-9) ◽

pp. 629-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cemal Parlak ◽

Şükrü Şentürk ◽

Mustafa Şenyel

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Study ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Powder Form ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Spectroscopic

New Hofmann-Td type complexes in the form of Ni(4-Phenylpyridine)2M(CN)4 (M= Cd or Hg) were prepared in powder form and their infrared spectra are reported in the region of 4000 - 200 cm−1. From the spectral findings, these compounds are similar in structure to the Hofmann-Td type complexes.

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Analysis of PEDOT:PSS Films After Sulfuric Acid Treatment on Silicon and Fused Silica using FT-IR and UV-VIS

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.177 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 465-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emma G. Langford ◽

Kenneth D. Shaughnessy ◽

Thomas C. Devore ◽

David Lawrence ◽

Costel Constantin

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Organic Semiconductor ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Sulfuric Acid Treatment ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Silica Substrates

ABSTRACTThin films of organic semiconductor PEDOT:PSS deposited onto silicon and fused silica substrates. These films were then treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for various amounts of time (i.e., 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes). Preliminary results obtained with FT-IR, UV-VIS, and Van DerPauw conductivity methods suggest that the H2SO4 removes the PSS isonomer from the PEDOT:PSS system. This PSS removal also induces a decrease in film thickness.

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Obsidians of Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily): A Petrographic, Geochemical and Magnetic Study of Known and New Geological Sources

Open Archaeology ◽

10.1515/opar-2020-0120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 434-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvio G. Rotolo ◽

Maria Luisa Carapezza ◽

Alessandra Correale ◽

Franco Foresta Martin ◽

Gregor Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Remanent Magnetization ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Major Element ◽

Natural Remanent Magnetization ◽

Strait Of Sicily ◽

Magnetic Methods ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract This paper provides new petrochemical and paleomagnetic data from obsidian sub-sources on the island of Pantelleria, exploited since the Neolithic. Data has been obtained from 14 obsidian samples from 4 locations: Fossa della Pernice (2 sites), Salto la Vecchia and Balata dei Turchi. Here, we aim to better characterize these obsidians using a cross-disciplinary and multi-analytical approach, to further understand their archaeological significance. Major element analyses (EMP) have enabled two compositional super-groups to be distinguished: (i) Fossa della Pernice, less peralkaline and (ii) Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia, distinctly more peralkaline and having almost identical chemical patterns. Trace element analyses (LA-ICP-MS) corroborate major element groupings, with the Balata dei Turchi–Salto la Vecchia super-group being further characterized by a pronounced negative europium anomaly. Glass H2O contents (FT-IR) reveal an overlap among all the sub-sources (H2O = 0.1–0.3 wt. %). Magnetic methods have refined the petrochemical groupings, permitting further distinction between Balata dei Turchi–Salto La Vecchia and the Fossa della Pernice super-groups. The occurrence of sub-microscopic (< 1 μm) ferromagnetic minerals results in different magnetic susceptibility and Natural Remanent Magnetization values and allows the best distinction among the products from the chosen sites. When compared with obsidian tools excavated from Bronze-age settlements on the island of Ustica (230 km NE of Pantelleria), 12% are distinctly peralkaline, indicating their provenance to be from the Balata dei Turchi sub-source.

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Discovering the evolution of Jacques-Louis David’s portrait of Antoine-Laurent and Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-021-00551-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia A. Centeno ◽

Dorothy Mahon ◽

Federico Carò ◽

David Pullins

Keyword(s):

Analytical Approach ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Level Of Detail ◽

Oil Painting ◽

X Ray ◽

Painting Technique ◽

Maximum Coverage ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Technical Study ◽

High Level

AbstractJacques-Louis David’s (1748–1825) iconic portrait of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794) and Marie-Anne Lavoisier (Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, 1758–1836) has come to epitomize a modern couple born of the Enlightenment. An analytical approach that combined macro-X-ray fluorescence with the examination and microanalysis of samples by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate imprecise indications of changes to the composition observed by microscopy and infrared refectography allowed the visualization of a hidden composition with a high level of detail. The results revealed that the first version depicted not the progressive, scientific-minded couple that we see today, but their other identity, that of wealthy tax collectors and fashionable luxury consumers. The first version and the changes to the composition are placed in the context of David’s mastery of the oil painting technique by examining how he concealed colorful features in the first composition by using paint mixtures that allowed for maximum coverage with thin paint layers. The limitations of the analytical techniques used are also discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth technical study of a painting by J.-L. David.

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Step Scan Interferometry in the Mid-Infrared with Photothermal Detection

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702884429184 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 546-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Matthew J. Smith ◽

Christopher J. Manning ◽

Richard A. Palmer ◽

James L. Chao

Keyword(s):

Phase Modulation ◽

Far Infrared ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Current State ◽

Medium Resolution ◽

Chopper Modulation ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Infrared Instruments

A medium resolution mid-infrared FT-IR instrument (IBM Instruments IR 44) has been modified to do step scanning; this has been done with the use of concepts previously applied to both near- and far-infrared instruments. In this paper we illustrate the method used for driving the mirror in the step scan mode and present some preliminary results from using the instrument with photothermal detection. At the current state of development, results obtained with the use of phase modulation indicate that this method produces significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios than does the use of amplitude (chopper) modulation to generate the photothermal signal.

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Analytical and Microbiological Characterization of Paper Samples Exhibiting Foxing Stains

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s143192761500001x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 63-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Margarida Nunes ◽

Cátia Relvas ◽

Francisca Figueira ◽

Joana Campelo ◽

António Candeias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analytical Approach ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Total Reflection ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Sizing Agents ◽

Mineral Fillers

AbstractThis work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used for morphological characterization of the paper samples and foxing stains. Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was of particular importance for defining the presence of fiber disorder and disruption on the surface of some of the stains, and localized accumulations of mineral-like particles on the surface of others. SEM-EDS, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used for the identification of mineral fillers, whereas sizing agents were analyzed using ATR-FT-IR. EDXRF results showed that no differences, within the standard deviation, were found in iron and copper contents between the foxed and unfoxed areas. Fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium spp. were found in all the paper samples. Unfoxed areas presented lower contamination than the foxed areas.

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Unveiling the mural painting art of Almada Negreiros at the Maritime Stations of Alcântara (Lisbon): diagnosis research of paint layers as a guide for its future conservation

Ge-conservacion ◽

10.37558/gec.v20i1.1027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 105-117

Author(s):

Milene Gil ◽

Mafalda Costa ◽

Mila Cvetkovic ◽

Carlo Bottaini ◽

Ana Margarida Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mural Painting ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Vinyl Polymer ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Diagnostic Research ◽

Over Time

This paper reports the diagnostic research of deteriorated paint layers from three mural panels made by Almada Negreiros found in the Alcântara Maritime Station in Lisbon. The aim was to understand the main decay phenomena to aid future conservation works. The methodology comprised in-situ analyses by technical photography in Vis, Vis-RaK and UVF, p-OM and h-EDXRF; micro sampling; OM, SEM-EDS, μ-XRD, μ-Raman, µ-FT-IR and Py-GC/MS. Preliminary results show that all the paint layers analyzed are affected by salts (alkali sulphates) that over time have caused flacking, lack of cohesion, erosion, and lacunae. The light greenish/greenish bluish paint layers in all three panels are the most affected. No organic binders were identified, only the presence of vinyl polymer in glossy paint surfaces.

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Enhancement of Acid Resistance for Ultramarine Blue by Silica Coatings

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.163 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 163-166

Author(s):

Miao Liu ◽

Si Fang Li ◽

Daniel Umereweneza

Keyword(s):

Coating Layer ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Sodium Metasilicate ◽

Solid Content ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Silica Coatings ◽

Ultramarine Blue ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Silica Precursor ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The acid resistance of ultramarine blue was greatly enhanced by silica coatings. Sodium metasilicate nonahydrate was used as silica precursor and ammonium chloride was used to react with it. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to characterize surface structure on the coating layer. The effects of coating conditions on acid resistances of the coated ultramarine blue were investigated. The acid resistance was evaluated by immersing the pigment in 10 wt% hydrochloric acid. The results showed the optimal mass ratio of silicate to ultramarine was 3.75 and the proper solid content was 60 g/L. Under above conditions, the silica coated ultramarine blue exhibited an acid resistance of 8, while the uncoated ultramarine blue only showed an acid resistance of 1.

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