Rapid eradication assessment (REA): a tool for pest absence confirmation

ContextEradication of invasive species is necessary to protect and assist the recovery of native species and ecosystems. Knowing when to declare an eradication has been successful after ongoing non-detections is a challenge. AimsThe rapid eradication assessment (REA) model is a powerful simulation framework to determine, given model parameters and a fixed level of monitoring effort, the level of confidence in declaring the success of pest eradication. The aim of the present study was to extend the current functionality of the REA model for broader applicability. MethodsThe REA model was advanced so that it was able to account for (1) usage of multiple static device types with different probabilities of detection, (2) incursion detection at a known location and (3) usage of mobile detection devices, which are increasingly being used in conservation. Key resultsAn invasive rat incursion response on Great Mercury Island in New Zealand is used as a comprehensive example to demonstrate the distribution of estimated probability of pest absence among the cases using the current REA model and the extensions presented here. ConclusionsAlthough Great Mercury Island already had a sparse but extensive island-wide network of static biosecurity surveillance devices, and deployed additional static devices around the area of incursion, the greatest improvement in the estimated probability of pest absence following a rat incursion was from additionally using a trained rodent-detection dog. ImplicationsThe added functionality in the REA model and demonstration of its use on a real-world scenario will allow more realistic application by wildlife managers.

Teknik Data Mining dalam Mengelompokkan Produktivitas Padi Menurut Provinsi Menggunakan K-Medoids

Rice is a staple food raw material that is vital for the people, and one of the leading commodities that is cultivated by most farmers, making it an indicator of the Indonesian economy. Where the price of rice is a reflection of a country's ability to manage its economy. Rice productivity is decreasing because there are many obstacles faced by farmers such as superior seeds, fertilizers, pest eradication drugs, plant diseases, and labor in the agricultural sector. This study proposes the use of the K-Medoids method to determine the high and low productivity of rice in the province. The research results obtained were Cluster 1 (low) = 17 provinces, Cluster 2 (moderate) = 7 Provinces, and Cluster 3 (High) = 10 Provinces.

Multiple giant cell formation – A consequence of type II pyrethroid intoxication

Pesticides are the main remedy for pest eradication, but their use has been found to be harmful also to various non-target organisms. In this study, giant cell formation was observed in hepatocytes of experimental albino rats following two type II pyrethroid pesticdes, Cypermethrin and Beta-cyfluthrin. Histopathological examination was done for this purpose and the results revealed the formation of giant cells and polyploidy condition following intoxication of these experimental compounds with Beta-cyfluthrin, with an edge over, and Cypermethrin, probably due to structural differences.

Biosecurity partnership and collaboration: key similarities and differences between the Australia and New Zealand plant-biosecurity government-industry agreements

New Zealand and Australia have each established legal partnerships between government and industry to improve biosecurity outcomes. Both partnerships take a collaborative approach to build capability and capacity to manage biosecurity risk across the biosecurity system. Key differences between the New Zealand and Australian systems include: the scope of responsibilities and accountability for management of biosecurity pests; governance arrangements; and cost sharing. Key similarities include: a shared role in response decision making; shared costs for pest eradication; advanced agreement on the potential liabilities surrounding pest eradication; provision for compensation to growers for direct costs incurred during an eradication response; minimum commitments to maintain capability and capacity; and an established basis for a transparent, consistent and equitable partnership. The approach taken by both countries encompasses the view that biosecurity outcomes will be improved by building genuine industry—government partnerships. In New Zealand, successes include development of operational agreements, strategies for fruit fly and brown marmorated stink bug, and completion of readiness activities for future incursions of these pests.

BENTUK DAN FUNGSI TEKS MANTRA

Mantra has a special form of language that is considered can connect people with things that are not concrete. The spelllanguage has poetic elements, such as rhyme and rhythm, and is considered to contain supernatural powers. The distinctivelanguage of the mantra needs to be studied in terms of form and function to be known by the people so that they will nothave wrong assumption on mantra. Data are obtained from various oral literary texts. This study uses the theory ofstructuralism of Jean Peager. The results show that the mantra language can be in the form of pantun, poetry, lyricprose, repetition of sound, and chant. Mantra has functions for kinship, treatment, pest eradication, immunity, games,health, love (compassion), and livelihood. AbstrakMantra memiliki bentuk bahasa khusus yang dianggap dapat menghubungkan manusia dengan halyang tidak konkret. Bahasa mantra berunsur puisi, seperti rima dan irama, dan dianggap mengandungkekuatan gaib. Bahasa yang khas pada mantra perlu dikaji bentuk dan fungsinya agar dapat diketahuioleh masyarakat sehingga mereka terhindar dari anggapan yang tidak benar terhadap mantra. Datadiperoleh dari berbagai teks sastra lisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori strukturalisme Jean Peager.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa mantra dapat berbentuk pantun, puisi, prosa lirik, pengulanganbunyi, dan kidung. Mantra memiliki fungsi untuk kekeluargaan, pengobatan, membasmi hama,kekebalan, permainan, kesehatan, cinta kasih (berkasih-kasihan), dan mata pencaharian.