Prawne i merytoryczne aspekty wyceny nieruchomości na potrzeby ustalania opłaty planistycznej

The Act of March 27, 2003, on spatial zoning plan and development, regulates establishing zoning plan fees. Thus, the executive bodies of the municipalities have legally created instruments to collect the fee if the conditions outlined in the Act are met. Amendments to this provision resulted in inaccuracies in establishing the fee. The zoning plan fee is established based on the increase in the value of the real property, taking into account two legal statuses. The real estate appraiser confirms the change in the value of the real property in the appraisal report, which constitutes evidence in the proceedings for determining the amount of the zoning fee.In practice, the determination of the zoning plan fee causes many misunderstandings and problems. The main reason for them is the difference in the value of the real property. It becomes the basis for the municipality’s claims against the property owner. Owners (perpetual usufructuaries), in most cases, take action to reduce the calculated difference in value. Most often, they question the correctness of the real estate appraisal and the way it was documented in the appraisal report.The article presents selected charges directed at real estate appraisers concerning the correctness of property valuation for this purpose, with a commentary supported by legal regulations and court rulings (judgments of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Supreme Administrative Court). In the paper, some findings of the Local Government Appeal Colleges are also indicated.

Investigation of HIT solar cells low frequency noise characteristics

The effect of solar cell fragment annealing on its noise characteristics is shown. The calculated difference in relaxation times arising from the change in noise after annealing was 30%. Measurements of noise characteristics in the dark and under illumination with a red laser with different radiation power were carried out. Close to linear dependences of noise power reduction with increasing radiation power were obtained.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among U.S. Preterm Infants Compared with Term Infants Before and After the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance on Immunoprophylaxis: 2012–2016

Objective The objective of this study was to compare risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations (RSVH) for preterm infants 29 to 34 weeks gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after 2014 guidance changes for immunoprophylaxis (IP), using data from the 2012 to 2016 RSV seasons. Study Design Using commercial and Medicaid claims databases, infants born between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2016 were categorized as preterm or term. RSVH during the RSV season (November–March) were identified for infants aged <6 months and rate ratios (RRs) for hospitalization comparing preterm and term infants were calculated. Difference-in-difference models were fit to evaluate the changes in hospitalization risks in preterm versus term infants from 2012 to 2014 seasons to 2014 to 2016 seasons. Results In all seasons, preterm infants had higher RSVH rates than term infants. Seasonal RRs prior to the guidance change for preterm wGA categories versus term infants ranged from 1.6 to 3.4. After the guidance change, the seasonal RRs ranged from 2.6 to 5.6. In 2014 to 2016, the risk associated with prematurity of 29 to 34 wGA versus term was significantly higher than in 2012 to 2014 (P<0.0001 for commercial and Medicaid samples). Conclusion In infants aged <6 months, the risk for RSVH for infants 29 to 34 wGA compared with term infants increased significantly after the RSV IP recommendations became more restrictive.

Negative Capacitance on Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes with Deeply Buried Micropixels

There have been investigated reactive properties of silicon avalanche photodiodes (MAPD- Micropixel Avalanche Photodiode) with deeply buried micropixels (amplification channels) within AC signal frequencies f= (50-500) kHz.By experiment is found out that measured capacitance of structures involving three p-n junctions in section passing through the pixels increases exponentially with Ufor (negative potential is applying to n-Si substrate) reaches maximum and at certain value Ufor= Uinv changes the sign becoming the negative capacitance (equivalent inductance).The magnitude of active component of complete conduction G grows with the applied voltage and reaches maximum value ~70 mS at Ufor= 1,0 V (f=500 kHz). There has been calculated difference in phase j appearing between current and voltage and it is shown that at Ufor=0 V the j = 80o and passes through the zero at Ufor = 0,55 V. The magnitude of negative capacitance recalculated to the inductance value with the growth of forward bias being decreased sharply tends to the saturation.

Theoretical study of deuterium isotope effects on acid–base equilibria under ambient and hydrothermal conditions

The calculated difference between pKa values in H2O and D2O is in excellent agreement with experiment.

Research on Secondary Moment of Prestressed Slab-Column Structure

In this paper, beginning with the mechanism of secondary moment, the calculated difference of secondary moment between slab-column structure and skeletal structure is indicated, and the secondary moment distribution of prestressed slab-column structure is provided by finite element analysis. The effect of edge beams setting or not and arrangement types of prestressing tendons on the magnitude and distribution of secondary moment is analyzed, and the magnitude relation between secondary moment and external load moment is compared. It can be served as reference to understand the distribution of secondary moment and design slab-column structure reasonably.

Scattering of X-Rays by Parallel and Antiparallel Layers in Disordered Stacking and Statistical Layer Shift for a-Chitin

Statistical Layer Shift, α-Chitin The intensities scattered by antiparallel/parallel layers were calculated. Difference synthesis maps allowing for statistical layer shifts were computed for a-chitin. The results support the view that there may be antiparallel sequence with each layer displaced at random by +e or -e from a halving position in the ϰ-direction. This is supported by greater breadth of certain reflection of the type lkl compared to 0kl on the X-ray diffraction photograph. This gives strong evidence for some imperfection in the ϰ-direction and the proposed indeterminacy + e is one possible way in which this might arise.