Newspaper headlines as a tool for linguistic modeling of police image

The article considers the issue of linguistic modeling of the image of the police in the newspa[1]per discourse, in newspaper headlines in particular. This article is relevant and determined by the need to study the representation of reality in the media discourse and its linguistic manifestation. In addition, the media have recently paid close attention to the coverage of the activities of social institutions, especially with regard to law enforcement agencies. The authors describe the characteristics of the mass media discourse as one of the tools for implementing public power, organizing the activities of political and social institutions, and forming an image. The paper considers the specific features and functions of the newspaper discourse, and also considers the newspaper headline, which acts as a pragmatic component of a newspaper article contributing to the creation of information and social mediation between addressees and addressers in order to exert a regulatory influence on public opinion. The article focuses on the structural, semantic and stylistic analysis of the newspaper headlines that represent information about law enforcement agencies’ activities in Russia and the United States. The authors divide the publications into neutral (“Arguments and Facts”, “USA Today”, “Wall Street Journal”), pro-government (“Newspaper. Ru”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” and “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, “Associated Press”) and opposition newspapers (“Novaya Gazeta”, “Kommersant”, “The New York Times”, “Washington Post”). In total, 60 newspaper headlines were analyzed for the period from September to December 2020. The results show that the texts of newspaper reports perform informative and pragmatic functions, and the newspaper headline is the key to understanding the author’s position and intentions. Lexical, grammatical, and stylistic differences in the headlines of Russian and American newspapers devoted to the activities of law enforcement agencies were identified, as well as language techniques for exerting speech influence on the reader and linguistic modeling of the police image.

The Illocutionary Profile of Text Units with Purpose Semantics in the Aspect of Their Modeling and Interpretation

The illocutionary complex that determines the pragmatic meaning of text units with purpose semantics as part of the question-answer dialogue was analyzed. Using the methods of conversation analysis, introspection, linguistic modeling and observation, a multifarious analysis of the adjacent pairs in the political interview and talk show fragments was carried out. The factors that define the generation of purpose-related judgments and the choice of indirect ways to convey the communicative intentions of the addresser were singled out, as well as the aspects that are important for understanding the perceived content by the addressee. The organization of the communicative continuum within the framework of interaction was investigated. The functionality of the pragmatic context (the background of spoken interaction) was revealed. The factors influencing the quality of the illocutionary profile of text units (clarity/blur) as it is perceived and interpreted by the addressee were established. The signals of the communicative intentions generated by the addresser were considered. The choice of spoken response in the situations of harsh pressure was discussed. It was demonstrated that the pragmatic context plays a leading role in perceiving of the illocutionary complex during the communicative interaction.

The Strategy of Evaluative Argumentation as a Means of the Police Image Linguistic Modeling in Russian and American Newspaper Discourse (by the Example of Pro-Government Newspapers)

This article highlights to the study of the Police image linguistic modeling in Russian and American newspaper discourse and, in particular, touches on the issue of using the strategy of evaluative argumentation in news represented in the pro-government newspapers. As the result the author concludes that the image of the Police in Russian-language and English-language publications is modeled through such components as "protection", "security", "law", “professionalism”, "order", "morality" and "ethic".

Business Process Linguistic Modeling: Theory and Practice Part II: BPLM Business Process Designer

The business activities provided within any firm or company should be checked and controlled continuously, while two principal approaches should be applied: (a) qualitative monitoring, (b) quantitative evaluations and getting to know the rules, which regulate structure and functionality of business processes (BPs) implemented and operated there plays a role of principle importance and they are derived based on actual BP models. Therefore we have designed a conceptual model of application denoted as BPLM Process Designer in form of expert system (ES) operating based on principles closely related to business process linguistic modeling approach, where linguistic sets and PBPL Equation play a role of principle importance. Our contribution contains such application description from qualitative, quantitative and design point of view. The ES qualitative description contains references to appropriate math relations and algorithms postulated within subsequent sections. Those sections are accompanied by the case study, which indicates how the math relations and algorithms might be applied within BPLM Process Designer functionality. However, those sections are accompanied by ES structure and functionality description as well, which represent the BPLM Process Designer mean or facility.

Ça roule ! — un pragmatème à décortiquer. Une étude contrastive franco-italienne

The aim of this paper is to present, after a short introduction to what pragmateme, or pragmatic phraseologism, is and how we understand it as a fixed expressive phrase with affective and emotive load, the results of the Polonium project entitled “Pragmatemes in contrast: from linguistic modeling to lexicographic coding”. In particular, we want to divulgate information concerning analysis of the French pragmateme Ça roule ! and its Italian corresponding phrase A posto!. Furthermore, equivalents of both pragmatemes are also investigated. However, as we consider cognitive linguistics tools as those which may give greater response to what the meaning of pragmatemes is, we broaden the project results with analysis of the trajector-landmark relation and of conceptual metaphors, that are the basis of the imagery for the aforementioned linguistic elements. In this way, we may also try to discern similarities and discrepancies in how close but still different cultures depict the same scene in similar speech events.

Induced OWA Operator for Group Decision Making Dealing with Extended Comparative Linguistic Expressions with Symbolic Translation

Nowadays, decision making problems have increased their complexity and a single decision maker cannot handle these problems, with a more diverse and comprehensive view of them being necessary, which results in group decision making (GDM) schemes. The complexity of GDM problems is often due to their inherent uncertainty that is not solved just by using a group. Consequently, different methodologies has been proposed to handle it, in which, the use of the fuzzy linguistic approach stands out. Among the multiple fuzzy linguistic modeling approaches, Extended Comparative Linguistic Expressions with Symbolic Translation (ELICIT) information has been recently introduced, which enhances classical linguistic modeling that is based on single terms by providing linguistic expressions in a continuous linguistic domain. Its application to decision making is quite promising, but it is necessary to develop enough operators to accomplish aggregation processes in the decision solving scheme. So far, just a small number of aggregation operators have been defined for ELICIT information. Hence, this paper aims at providing new aggregation operators for ELICIT information by developing novel OWA based operators, such as the Induced OWA (IOWA) operator in order to avoid the OWA operator needs of reordering its arguments, because ELICIT information does not have an inherent order due to its fuzzy representation. Our proposal not only consists of extending the definition of an IOWA operator for ELICIT information with crisp weights, but it is also proposed a type-1 IOWA operator for ELICIT information in which both weights and arguments are fuzzy as well as the use of ELICIT information constructing the order inducing variable to reorder the arguments. Additionally, the use of ELICIT information in GDM demands the ability to manage majority based decisions that are better represented in the IOWA operator by linguistic quantifiers. Hence, a majority-driven GDM process for ELICIT information is proposed, which it is the first proposal for fulfilling the majority solving process for GDM while using ELICIT information. Eventually, an illustrative example and a brief comparative analysis are presented in order to show the performance of the proposal and its feasibility.