Brewing Efficacy of Non-Conventional Saccharomyces Non-cerevisiae Yeasts

Consumer demands for new sensory experiences have driven the research of unconventional yeasts in beer. While much research exists on the use of various common Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as well as non-Saccharomyces yeasts, there exists a gap in knowledge regarding other non-cerevisiae Saccharomyces species in the fermentation of beer, in addition to S. pastorianus. Here, five distinct species of Saccharomyces from the UC Davis Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, as well as one interspecies hybrid from Fermentis, were chosen to ferment 40 L pilot-scale beers. S. kudriavzevii, S. mikatae, S. paradoxus, S. bayanus, and S. uvarum yeasts were used to ferment wort in duplicate pairs, with one fermenter in each pair receiving 10 g/L dry-hop during fermentation. Analytical measurements were made each day of fermentation and compared to controls of SafAle™ US-05 and SafLager™ W 34/70 for commercial brewing parameters of interest. Finished beers were also analyzed for aroma, taste, and mouthfeel to determine the flavor of each yeast as it pertains to brewing potential. All beers exhibited spicy characteristics, likely from the presence of phenols; dry-hopping increased fruit notes while also increasing perceived bitterness and astringency. All of the species in this study displayed great brewing potential, and might be an ideal addition to beer depending on a brewery’s desire to experiment with flavor and willingness to bring a new yeast into their production environment.

Brewing Efficacy of Non-Conventional Saccharomyces Non-Cerevisiae Yeasts

Consumer demands for new sensory experiences have driven the research of unconventional yeasts in beer. While much research exists on the use of various common Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as well as non-Saccharomyces yeasts, there exists a gap in knowledge regarding other non-cerevisiae Saccharomyces species in the fermentation of beer, outside that of S. pastorianus. Here, five distinct species of Saccharomyces from the UC Davis Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, as well as one interspecies hybrid from Fermentis, were chosen to ferment 40 L pilot scale beers. S. kudriavzevii, S. mikatae, S. paradoxus, S. bayanus, and S. uvarum yeasts were fermented in duplicate, with one fermenter in each pair receiving 10 g/L dry-hop during fermentation. Analytical measurements were made each day of fermentation and compared to controls of SafAle US-05 and SafLager W 34/70 for commercial brewing parameters of interest. Finished beers were also analyzed for aroma, taste, and mouthfeel to determine the flavor of each yeast as it pertains to brewing potential. All beers exhibited spicy characteristics, likely from the presence of phenols; dry-hopping increased fruit notes while also increasing perceived bitterness and astringency. All of the species in this study displayed great brewing potential, and might be an ideal addition to beer depending on a brewery’s desire to experiment with flavor and willingness to bring a new yeast into their production environment

Comparative transcriptomics between Drosophila mojavensis and D. arizonae reveals transgressive gene expression and underexpression of spermatogenesis-related genes in hybrid testes

Interspecific hybridization is a stressful condition that can lead to sterility and/or inviability through improper gene regulation in Drosophila species with a high divergence time. However, the extent of these abnormalities in hybrids of recently diverging species is not well known. Some studies have shown that in Drosophila, the mechanisms of postzygotic isolation may evolve more rapidly in males than in females and that the degree of viability and sterility is associated with the genetic distance between species. Here, we used transcriptomic comparisons between two Drosophila mojavensis subspecies and D. arizonae (repleta group, Drosophila) and identified greater differential gene expression in testes than in ovaries. We tested the hypothesis that the severity of the interspecies hybrid phenotype is associated with the degree of gene misregulation. We showed limited gene misregulation in fertile females and an increase in the amount of misregulation in males with more severe sterile phenotypes (motile vs. amotile sperm). In addition, for these hybrids, we identified candidate genes that were mostly associated with spermatogenesis dysfunction.

Characteristics of varieties and hybrids of oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) by signs of productivity

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is one of the main subtropical horticultural crops on the coast of The Black Sea on Caucasus. As a result of the study, the biological characteristics of passage of phenological phases, as well as the biometric growth performance of plant and development (diameter of the stem and total growth of shoots) of eleven varieties and bred eastern persimmons hybrids in the humid subtropical zone of the Krasnodar Territory. A comparative assessment of the development of trees is given, where the largest diameter of the stem was observed in the variety ‘Djiro’ - 75.0 mm; interspecies hybrid №99 (‘MVG Omarova’) - 74.9 mm and ‘Hachia’ - 68.5 mm. Initiation of flowers and the formation of fruits proceeds at the first growth of the current year and this indicator is responsible for the crop. Were noted he best varieties with active growth of the shoot ‘Djiro’ - 39.7 cm, ‘Hiakume -39.1 cm and ‘Hachia’ - 37.9 cm. In overall development the best results have Djiro’, ‘Hachia’ and ‘MVG Omarova’, less active tree growth was noted in the smallest varieties - Kiara constant ’and hybrid No. №39, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Geili ’. As a result of research, we marked out the most productive varieties and hybrids of eastern date-plum Hiakume’,‘Hachia’,‘Djiro’, ‘Seedles’, ‘Zenji-Maru’, ‘Khostinsky ’, hybrid №39 and ‘MVG Omarova’. Of these, the most productive for four years of fruiting were the varieties: 'Hiakume' - whose yield is 82.5 c/ha, 'Hachia' - 73.5 c/ha and 'Djiro' - 72.0 c/ha, these varieties are characterized active growth of shoots, high fruit set, as well as varieties with large fruits, such as 'Hiakume' -231 g and 'Hachia' -228 g.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MODERN METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF YOUNG DUCKS SEX

Experimental researches were carried out during the years 2012–2017 at the farm "Povit-Agro", Bila Tserkva region, Kyiv Oblast, as well as at other farms. 1390 Ukrainian mulards were bred during these 2 years. Throughout our researches the French mulard was presented with 2425 1-day-old hybrid ducklings. In addition, during the studies, the 1-day-old ducklings of different breeds were assessed, namely ducklings of a domestic duck – 7579 heads, ducklings of a musk duck – 1685 heads. A comparative analysis of the effeciency of modern methods for determining the sex of young ducks of two species and of interspecies hybrid is conducted. It has been found that the highest accuracy of duckling sex determination (100%) of all genotypes is provided by the universal Japanese method (ventsexing), and a specific method - colorsexing (based on genetic markers of down coloring). Sidorov's method (probing of resonator of males) allows to determine the sex of domestic (but not musk) and mullard ducklings with an accuracy of 94–98% at a sorting rate of 300 g/h. The anatomical method is absolutely accurate, but it is associated with young ducks slaughtering. Morphosexing is effective for ducklings of all studied genotypes starting from the 2-month age . Morphosexing is effective for ducklings starting from the 2-month old of all studied genotypes. Beginning from 60 days old, the sex of ducklings of a musk duck, as well as mulards, can be determined due to the color and size of skin folds around the upper part of the beak with an accuracy of 97–99%. For the 2-month old ducklings of a domestic duck, sexual dimorphism is clearly expressed according to the other two features. Males at this age already have two twisted feathers in their tails, and females, unlike males, can quack loudly.