scholarly journals Pharyngeal Airway and Craniocervical Angle among Different Skeletal Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Szu-Yu Hsiao ◽  
Ying-An Chen ◽  
Chun-Chan Ting
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Airway Dimensions

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlations among the craniocervical angle and skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained from 300 patients (≥15 years of age), of whom 150 were male patients and 150 were female patients. The patients were divided into three groups according to their skeletal patterns. The following dimensions were measured: NP: nasopharyngeal airway; PS: shortest distance from the soft palate to the pharyngeal wall; MP: Me-Go line intersecting the pharyngeal airway; TS: shortest distance from posterior tongue to pharyngeal wall; LP: laryngopharyngeal airway; UE length: shortest distance from the uvula to the epiglottis; PW: width of soft palate; PL: length of soft palate; ANB angle; palatal angle; and craniocervical angle. Paired t -test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation were applied for statistical analysis. The null hypothesis was that there were no differences among skeletal patterns in terms of pharyngeal airway dimensions. Results. The C4C2-SN angle of the Class II pattern (108.1°) was significantly greater than that of the Class III pattern (104.4°). The Class II PL was significantly longer than the Class III PL in the all patients and female patients groups. The ANB angle exhibited moderate positive correlation with palatal angle ( r : 0.462) and moderate negative correlation with TS ( r : -0.400) and MP ( r : -0.415) length. No significant differences were found in vertical hyoid lengths among all skeletal patterns. Class III (PS, TS, and MP) lengths were significantly greater than Class I and Class II in the all patients group. Regarding the LP length, no significant difference was found in the all patients group. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion. Class III had significantly greater pharyngeal airway dimensions (PS, TS, and MP) than Class I and Class II. In all skeletal patterns, NP length was moderately correlated with the palatal angle. The PS was weakly negatively correlated with the ANB and PL. The TS and MP were moderately negatively correlated with the ANB angle.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway between Mandibular Setback Surgery Patients (Skeletal Class III) and Nonsurgery Patients (Skeletal Classes I and II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jung-Hsuan Cheng ◽  
Chun-Ming Chen ◽  
Ping-Ho Chen ◽  
Szu-Ting Chou ◽  
Chin-Yun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Mandibular Setback ◽  
Mandibular Setback Surgery ◽  
Airway Dimensions

Purpose. We investigated the pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlations in patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery versus those who did not. Materials and Methods. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs (120 patients) were obtained from patients with three skeletal malocclusion classifications: Class I and Class II in the nonsurgery group and Class III in the surgery group (preoperative and postoperative cephalograms). The following dimensions were measured: nasopharyngeal airway (NOP), uvulopharyngeal airway (UOP), shortest distance from the posterior tongue to the pharyngeal wall (TOP), and distance from the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall (EOP). Paired t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients (15.2 mm and 16.6 mm) were significantly larger than those of skeletal Class II (11.5 mm and 12 mm) and Class II (12.3 mm and 12.9 mm) patients, respectively. No differences were observed in EOP between the three skeletal patterns. The hyoid bone of Class III patients was significantly anterior to that of Class I/II patients. Furthermore, UOP had a moderate negative correlation with soft palate length. Postoperatively, no significant difference (UOP, TOP, EOP, soft palate width, and hyoid bone) was found between the skeletal classes. Conclusion. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients were significantly wider than those of skeletal Class I/II patients. Pre- and postoperatively, EOP did not exhibit significant differences among the three skeletal classifications. No differences were found in all postoperative pharyngeal airway dimensions between Class III patients and nonsurgery patients (Class I and Class II).

scholarly journals Differences in Pharyngeal Characteristics According to Angle Class of Malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diamantidou ◽  
N. Topouzelis ◽  
S. Sidiropoulou-Hadjigianni ◽  
N. Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Pre Treatment

SUMMARYObjectives: To investigate potential differences in the pharynx, the soft palate, the pharyngeal tonsil, and the tongue between patients with different Angle Classes of malocclusion.Study Design: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 116 normal breathing individuals aged between 9 and 12 years were analyzed. 20 linear and 4 angular measurements, as well as 5 variables concerning the surface area of the pharynx and the soft palate were evaluated.Results: The angle formed by the palatal plane and the base of the skull had lower values in Class II groups. The soft palate height was smaller in Class II, div. 1 group. The angle between the soft and hard palates was smaller in Class III, followed by Class I, Class II, div. 2, and Class II, div. 1, with increasing values. The distance of the tongue from the palatal plane was larger in Class I and Class III groups. The surface area of the oropharynx was larger in Class III than in Class II groups. The total surface area of the pharynx had higher values in Class III than in Class II/1.Conclusion: Subjects with Class II malocclusion may be more prone to develop respiratory related disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, followed by Class I and Class III subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluating Distance between Vibrating Line and Fovea Palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Bharat Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Asma Naz ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Class I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mean distance between the vibrating line and fovea palatinae in Class I, Class II and Class III Soft Palate types. Methodology: This study was conducted at Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences Karachi among 197patients. Duration of study was six months. All patients were examined for vibrating line clinically, assessed using phonation method. Subsequently, distance between vibrating line and fovea paltatinae was measured with uncalibrated compass in various contours of soft palate. Results: Out of 197 patient, the vibrating line was seen in130 (64%) anterior to fovea palatinae, whereas, 67 (34%) vibrating line was at the fovea palatinae. The mean distance of those anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatine was calculated as 2.13 (±0.82) mm in Class, 2.07 (±0.69) mm in Class II and 1.80 (±0.82) mm in Class III soft palate contours. Statistical analysis showed no significant between gender, while statistically significant difference among age group and mean distance of anterior located vibrating line from fovea palatinae were found. Conclusions: The mean distance of vibrating line which is predominately found anterior to the fovea palatinae was 2.07 (±0.77) mm.

scholarly journals Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yagci ◽  
İlknur Veli ◽  
Tancan Uysal ◽  
Faruk Izzet Ucar ◽  
Törün Ozer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Dental Malocclusion

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the presence of dehiscence and fenestration was not different among patients with skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 123 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained with an iCAT scanner (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa). Patients with normal vertical patterns were classified according to dental malocclusion and ANB angle. Class I comprised 41 patients—21 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 22.4 ± 4.5 years); Class II comprised 42 patients—22 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 21.5 ± 4.2 years); and Class III comprised 40 subjects—22 girls and 18 boys (mean age, 22.1 ± 4.5 years). A total of 3444 teeth were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical comparisons at the P < .05 level. Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the Class II group had a greater prevalence of fenestration than the other groups (P < .001). No difference was found in the prevalence of dehiscence among the three groups. Although fenestration had greater prevalence in the maxilla, more dehiscence was found in the mandible for all groups. In Class I, alveolar defects (dehiscence, fenestration) were matched relatively in both jaws. Furthermore, Class II and Class III subjects had more alveolar defects (41.11% and 45.02%, respectively) in the mandible. Dehiscences were seen with greater frequency in the mandibular incisors of all groups. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences in the presence of fenestration were found among subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Fenestrations had greater prevalence in the maxilla, but more dehiscences were found in the mandible.

scholarly journals A descriptive study of bone density based on angle’s malocclusion classification on female patients aged 13–30 years old on panoramic radiograph

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Pei C. Ling ◽  
Ria N. Firman ◽  
Farina Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Imagej Software

Objective: This study was performed to determine the bone density based on angle’s malocclusion classification on female patients aged 13–30 years old using panoramic radiograph.Material and Methods: Ninety digital panoramic radiographs of female patients aged 13–30 years old and with 30 radiographs representing each of the angle’s malocclusion classes (class I, class II, class III) were used. The bone density was measured by using ImageJ software with 20 x 20 pixels intensity by using a method based on the mental index (MI).Results: The mean bone density of female patients aged 13–30 years old with angle’s malocclusion of class I was 18.726% of cortical and 81.274% of marrow, class II was 16.804% of cortical and 83.196% of marrow, and class III was 15.911% of cortical and 84.089% of marrow.Conclusion: The bone density of female patients aged 13–30 years old with angle’s class I malocclusion was higher than class II and class II malocclusion had higher bone density than class III on panoramic radiograph.

scholarly journals Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals A convenient method of preparation of high-activity urease from Canavalia ensiformis by covalent chromatography and an investigation of its thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide as a thiol titrant and reactivity probe

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Norris ◽  
K Brocklehurst
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Class I ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Class Ib ◽  
Covalent Chromatography

1. A convenient method of preparation of jack-bean urease (EC3.5.1.5) involving covalent chromatography by thiol-disulphide interchange is described. 2. Urease thus prepared has specific activity comparable with the highest value yet reported (44.5 ± 1.47 kat/kg, Km = 3.32 ± 0.05 mM; kcat. = 2.15 × 104 ± 0.05 × 104s-1 at pH7.0 and 38°C). 3. Titration of the urease thiol groups with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (2-Py-S-S-2-Py) and application of the method of Tsou Chen-Lu [(1962) Sci. Sin.11, 1535-1558] suggests that the urease molecule (assumed to have mol.wt. 483000 and ε280 = 2.84 × 105 litre·mol-1-cm-1) contains 24 inessential thiol groups of relatively high reactivity (class-I), six ‘essential’ thiol groups of low reactivity (class-II) and 54 buried thiol groups (class-III) which are exposed in 6M-guanidinium chloride. 4. The reaction of the class-I thiol groups with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py was studied in the pH range 6-11 at 25°C(I = 0.1 mol/l) by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, and the analogous reaction of the class-II thiol groups by conventional spectrophotometry. 5. The class-I thiol groups consist of at least two sub-classes whose reactions with 2-Py-S-S-2-Py are characterized by (a) pKa = 9.1, k = 1.56 × 104M-1·s-1 and (b) pKa = 8.1, k = 8.05 × 102M-1·s-1 respectively. The reaction of the class-II thiol groups is characterized by pKa = 9.15 and k = 1.60 × 102M-1·s-1. 6. At pH values 7-8 the class-I thiol groups consist of approx. 50% class-Ia groups and 50% class-Ib groups. The ratio class Ia/class Ib decreases as the pH is raised according to a pKa value ≥ approx. 9.5, and at high pH the class-I thiol groups consist of at most 25% class-Ia groups and at least 75% class-Ib groups. 7. The reactivity of the class-II thiol groups towards 2-Py-S-S-2-Py is insensitive to the nature of the group used to block the class-I thiols. 8. All the ‘essential’ thiol groups in urease appear to be eeactive only as uncomplicated thiolate ions. The implications of this for the active-centre chemistry of urease relative to that of the thiol proteinases are discussed.

Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386
Author(s):  
L A Neuhold ◽  
Y Shirayoshi ◽  
K Ozato ◽  
J E Jones ◽  
D W Nebert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cyp1a1 Gene ◽  
Sv40 Dna

The mouse cytochrome P1450 (CYP1A1) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYP1A1 induction by TCDD.

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