Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Upaya Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus: Literatur Review

Diabetes Mellitus ia a non-communicable disease characterized by high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin function. Diabetes prevention encompassed modified and unmodifie factors. Age and heredity are the ummodified factors, whereas diet, pack of physical activity, drugs, stress, and pack of knowledge are the modified factors. Education and family support Van influence the level of knowledge that can affect a person both towards the environment and particular objects. To identify the level of knowledge, physical activity, and other prevention efforts to prevent diabetes. A Literature review was used on this study, The article was selected from the Pubmeed, Portal Garuda, and Scilit database. Five studies where selected based on inclusion criteria. This study showed that people with diabetes mellitus had good knowledge 377 respondents, 161 respondents gas suffcient knowledge, and 131 respondents lacked knowledge. While the prevention of diabetes mellitus had good prevention as many as 322 respondents, adequate prevention as 166 respondents, lack of prevention was 141 respondents. Physical activity gas a level of mild as many as 30 respondents, moderate as right respondents, high as two respondents. Many people had a lack of knowledge and prevention of diabetes mellitus, Nurse are expected to provide education or nursing care as well as phychological aspects. Keywords : Diabetes Melitus; Prevention; Knowledge. AbstrakDiabetes Melitus suatu penyakit tidak menular yakni gangguan metabolisme kronis yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor dengan ditandai tingginya kadar gula darah sebagian dari akibat gangguan fungsi insulin, upaya pencegahan diabetes memiliki faktor risiko meliputi faktor yang tidak dapat diubah yakni umur dan keturunan dan faktor yang dapat diubah yakni makanan, aktifitas fisik yang kurang, obat- obatan,stress dan kurangnya pengetahuan. Tingkat pengetahuan dapat dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan dan dukungan keluarga yang dapat mempengaruhi seseorang baik terhadap lingkungan maupun objek tertentu. Mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan upaya pencegahan dan juga pencegahan dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sekunder berjenis literatur review. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemilihan artikel yaitu dengan melakukan penelusuran literatur dari sumber database Pubmed, Portal Garuda, dan Scilit dan didapatkan 5 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi penelitian. Hasil analisis literatur review menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat dengan pengetahuan dan upaya pencegahan diabetes melitus memiliki pengetahuan baik dengan hasil sebanyak 377 responden, pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 161 responden, pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 131 responden. Sedangkan pencegahan diabetes melitus memiliki pencegahan baik sebanyak 322 responden, pencegahan cukup sebanyak 166 respondnen, pencegahan kurang baik sebanyak 141 responden. Dan pencegahan aktivitas fisik memiliki tingkat pencegahan ringan sebanyak 30 responden, pencegahan sedang sebanyak 8 responden, pencegahan tinggi sebanyak 2 responden. Masyarakat yang mengalami kurang pengetahuan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus paling banyak mengalami tingkat pengetahuan dan pencegahan baik. Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan edukasi atau asuhan keperawatan dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek psikologi. Kata kunci : Diabetes Melitus; Pencegahan; Pengetahuan.

Awareness, Knowledge and Prevention Practices Related to Lassa Fever Among Residents of Rural Communities in Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Prevention and Control

Background: Lassa fever (LF) is a haemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus. The primary reservoir of the virus is the multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis. More than 3,000 laboratory-confirmed cases of Lassa fever and over 800 deaths have been recorded in Nigeria. This could be attributed to poor rat control and poor sanitation especially in the rural communities where the rats are often found. Increasing awareness and health education about LF have been advocated for its prevention and control. This study investigated the level of awareness, knowledge and prevention practices related to LF among residents in rural communities within Iwo and Ayedire Local Government Areas, Osun State, southwest Nigeria sequel to an awareness campaign. Methods: Structured questionnaire was administered within rural communities in Iwo and Ayedire and 675 participants responded for the survey by a random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of association (p = < 0.05) and logistic regressions were used to determine associations between demographic variables, level of knowledge and prevention practices. Results: The average age range was 25-39 years, 365 (54.07%) were male, 270 (40%) were married, 199 (29.48%) had up to secondary school education and 536 (79.41%) have heard about LF before. Respondents in Iwo town were more aware of LF than respondent from Ayedire. Only 3 (0.44%) had good knowledge of the transmission and symptoms of the disease and 304 (45.04%) do not have effective means of preventing rats into their homes. About 296 (43.85%) will go to a hospital if symptoms occur, while 118 (17.48%) will do self-medication. Forty-four (6.52%) were aware of good prevention practices. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents aged 25–39 years were significantly more aware of Lassa fever than other age groups. Educated and married respondents showed significant relationship with good prevention practices than those without education and were not married. Conclusions: Although, the awareness of LF among the respondents was high, only very few had good knowledge of the transmission and symptoms of the disease. Therefore, it is important for the people to be well informed about the disease and good prevention practices in order to curtail the spread.

Flu vaccination coverage among healthcare workers: the example of younger generations

Flu vaccination is highly recommended among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). The low coverage in Italy among HCWs (mean 15.6% for 2016/17 flu season, ECDC) calls for new approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate in which measure the vaccination coverage among HCWs registered during the 2019-2020 flu vaccination campaign in a large Teaching Hospital in Rome was affected by age and education. A retrospective observational quasi-experimental study was conducted. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (chi-square test, significance level of 0.05) were performed. The 2019-2020 flu vaccination campaign was aimed at more than 4000 employed HCWs (total coverage 24.2%). Vaccination was also extended to not-employed HCWs such as Medical Residents (MRs) and Medical Students (MSs) in clinical training. The coverage in this groups was higher (46.0% and 63.2% respectively) and the difference between them and the coverage among employed HCWs was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05); Further analysis was performed comparing MRs / MSs in clinical training with their respective professional group of employed HCWs, with a percentage of vaccinated Medical Doctors (MD) of 36.6%. MRs / MSs in clinical training coverage was higher than MDs coverage and the difference still proved to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). The higher coverage among MRs / MSs in clinical training could be explained, in general, in light of the more open-mindedness to prevention and to healthy lifestyles that characterizes young people with an up-to-date education. It could also be explained considering the specific culture and sense of responsibility of Medical Students and Medical Residents towards their high-demanding educational path and clinical training as an incentive not to get ill. Flu vaccination is highly recommended among HCWs. Younger generations, who represent the future of Healthcare, prove to be more open-minded and responsible towards good prevention practices such as this. Key messages Flu vaccination is highly recommended among HCWs. Younger generations, who represent the future of Healthcare, prove to be more open-minded and responsible towards good prevention practices.

Digital technologies in the prevention of diabetic foot: a review on mobile applications

Analyze mobile applications developed for prevention of diabetic foot. Method: Integrative review, with searches in LILACS, BDENF, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, from 2000 to 2019. After eligibility criteria, the sample consisted of nine articles. Results: The mobile applications for prevention of diabetic foot are based on online foot monitoring through images, evaluation of thermal images of the feet, capture of images of the sole of the foot, recommendations for self-care with the feet and classification of the risk of diabetic foot. The analysis of the articles shows that the applications were considered a good prevention strategy. Conclusion: This study enabled the identification of nine mobile applications developed for prevention of diabetic foot, with predominance in the use of thermometry as the main measure for prevention and early detection of diabetic foot ulcers, with the use of thermal images and sensors associated with the mobile application.

Baby Walker: Mother’s Knowledge, Injury Prevention Behavior and Incidence of Injury among Toddler in Paseban District, Jakarta

<em>Baby walker is still popularly used by several families, which aims to eneble the child to quickly walk, even though their use might cause injuries. This study aims to determine the relationship of the mother knowledge and prevention behavior toward the injury of baby walker among toddler in Paseban urban village. This study used descriptive corelatif design with applies cross sectional designe. The population are 83 and total sampling is used to take the sample. The sample are 83 responden. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square with p value =0.05 was considered significant. The injury association of baby walker has 47% toodlers, mother’s knowledge has 50.6%, mother’s who has good prevention behavior are 55.4%, the result of the analysis correlation of mother’s knowladge has a p-value = 0.000, mother’s prevention behavior has a p-value = 0.000. It can be interpreted that there is a significant relationship among mother’s knowladge and prevention behavior toward the injury of baby walker among toddler in Paseban urban village. Based on the results of these studies, improvement of mother knowledge is important in an effort to prevent the occurrence of injury to children who use baby walker by counseling, with good knowledge, mother can prevention behavior on the injury association of baby walker.</em>

Strategies to Increase Flu Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Workers: A 4 Years Study in a Large Italian Teaching Hospital

Flu vaccination is recommended among healthcare workers (HCWs). The low vaccination coverage registered in our hospital among HCWs called for new engaging approaches to improve flu vaccination coverage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different strategies implemented during the last four years (2015–2019). A quasi-experimental study was conducted, involving almost 4000 HCWs each year. Starting from the 2015–2016 campaign, new evidence-based strategies were progressively implemented. At the end of each campaign, an evaluation of the vaccination coverage rate reached was performed. Moreover, during the last three campaigns, differences in coverage among job category, wards involved or not in on-site vaccination (OSV) intervention, age classes and gender were analyzed. An increasing flu vaccination coverage rate was registered, from 6% in 2015–2016 to almost 22% at the end of 2018–2019. The overall number of vaccinated HCWs increased, especially at younger ages. OSV strategy always leads to better results, and physicians always show a higher vaccination coverage than nurses and other HCWs. The implemented strategies were effective in achieving higher flu vaccination coverage among HCWs in our hospital and therefore can be considered valuable examples of good prevention practices in hospital settings.

NURSING KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE ON THE PREVENTION OF PRESSURE INJURY

Objective: To know the knowledge and practices of nurses on prevention of pressure injury. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study with seven nurses from a public hospital in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A semi-structured interview was used, in which the testimonies were recorded, transcribed in their entirety and analyzed using the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. Results: The change of decubitus was the most cited preventive method. Professionals are knowledgeable about good prevention practices, which are influenced by structural issues (human resources and insufficient inputs) and, because of this difficulty, caregivers are important in helping this care. Conclusion: Nursing professionals are knowledgeable about proven ways to reduce pressure injury rates, however, there is a continuing need to emphasize evidence-based good practice as an effective means of improving nursing care.

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN CYCLISTS

Objectives: About a group of cyclists, professionals / amateurs, Mountain bike, road and triathlon; achieve a good diagnosis of the disease, with a good clinical examination and sectorized according EGM injury evoked potentials. Methods: Clinical examination and accurate test with different signs of pathology. EGM with evocative potential and conduction velocity. Results: After 25 track cyclists, 18 professionals, 22 male and 3 female; for 24 months. Through good clinical examination and EMG. We got that 70% had direct compression injuries Carpal tunnel for poor support on the handlebars. The rest were cervical praxis, by poor body position on the bike, taking cervico very steep angles / dorsal, during competitions or training for more than 2 hrs. Conclusion: A good prevention work with our teacher / cyclist in the position of deposrtista in ciclo simulador. Work in the gym, on tone and elongation of the upper limb. A good EGM, made with a specialist physiatrist. It leads to the correct diagnosis, leads to a good final treatment; which agreed that:* Cervical praxis, had good results with treatment Conservative / FST / vit.B12.* The Carpal tunnel own injuries, treatment was quirúrg. (Open surgery) with subsequent FST / vit..B12 with satisfactory return in time to sporting activity.