Energy Consumption Delay Evaluation of NB-IoT Terminal Based on Markov Model

The energy consumption of terminal of Internet of Things has attracted much attention in the study of smart Internet of Things. How to simulate the energy consumption process of the terminal from the theoretical level, so as to analyze the energy consumption and delay of the terminal are important issues. In this paper, taking the power monitoring terminal as an example, a Markov model is established for the Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) terminal with periodic automatic reporting. The working state of the terminal includes PSM (Power Saving Mode), random access (RACH), data transport and receive (Tx/Rx), short eDRX (Extended Discontinuous Reception), long eDRX and terminal disconnection (ERROR). According to the proposed model, the effects of network quality, maximum possible number of RACH request times (Rmax ) and data retransmission times (N1, N2) on terminal energy consumption and delay are analyzed. The numerical results show that network quality, maximum number of random access and maximum number of data retransmission directly affect the energy consumption and service quality of the terminal. Reasonable configuration of the above indicators can effectively improve the service life of the terminal and meet the customer’s requirements for the terminal service quality under the condition of maximum power saving. The model provides a reference for energy consumption and delay optimization of NB-IoT terminal.

Money Demand and Inflation: The relationship between money demand, inflation, and the risk premium

In varied economics laws, inflation and interest rates are a standard reference of the economy. to place it merely, once interest rates fall, a lot of people and establishments will borrow extra money from banks and alternative lenders. Rising and rising interest rates push customers into saving mode as a result of the next come on savings. This leaves customers with less financial gain to pay that slows the economy and, as a result, lowers inflation. This relationship shapes up to date financial policies associated is that the most powerful consider the direction of an economy. this suggests that variable interest rates and inflation have a linear combination which will be shapely as economic potency.

Sustainable Behavior among Romanian Students: A Perspective on Electricity Consumption in Households

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimates that the environmental pressure from households will increase significantly by 2030. Sustainable consumption means making consumers aware of the social and environmental impacts of the goods and services they use. In this respect, special attention must be paid to electricity consumption since its generation affects the environment. The present research aims at capturing electricity consumption behaviors among students, after having applied an online questionnaire between March and April 2021, recording 816 responses. The results of this research highlighted the fact that for seven out of fourteen statements, percentages of over 50% for the “always” and “often” answer variants were recorded, but cases when the highest percentages were for the “rarely” and “never” answer variants (e.g., “You read the hours on the light bulb packs before purchasing them”, “You put your mobile phone in the power saving mode so that you don’t have to charge it so often” and “You unplug the electrical and electronic equipment that you do not use”) were also observed. Decrypting consumer behaviors is a key point for building strategies that will lead to consumers’ awareness of conserving electricity in households and, thus, to a reduction in their environmental impact.

An Adaptive Energy Saving Algorithm for an RSSI-Based Localization System in Mobile Radio Sensors

In localization systems based on the emission of reference radio signals, an important issue related to the reliability of sensor operation is the problem of operating time and power of the emitted reference radio signal. There are many localization methods that have proven useful in practice and that use a reference radio signal for this purpose. In the issue of determining the location of radio emitters, various radio signal propagation models are used to determine the effective range and distance of the sensor-receiver from the radio emitter. This paper presents an adaptive power control algorithm for a transmitter, as a reference emitter, operating in power-saving mode. An important advantage of the presented solution is the adjustment of the localization system accuracy at the assumed level of energy radiated by radio emitters based on the RSSI signal received power estimation.

Spectrum-Aware Energy Efficiency Analysis in K-tier 5G HetNets

In future multi-tier cellular networks, cognitive radio (CR) compatible with device-to-device (D2D) communication can be an aid to enhance system spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). Users in proximity can establish a direct connection with D2D communication and bypass the base stations (BSs), thereby offloading the network infrastructure and providing EE improvement. We use stochastic geometry to model and analyze cognitive D2D communication underlying a multi-tier/multi-channel cellular network where the D2D transmitters are capable of harvesting RF energy from ambient interference resulting from simultaneous cellular downlink transmissions. For further improvement in EE, small cells (SCs) can be put into a power-saving mode by specifying a load-dependent transmission power coefficient (TPC) for SC BSs. In addition, to consider practical D2D communication scenarios, we propose a wireless video sharing framework where cache-enabled users can store and exchange popular video files through D2D communication. We investigate the potential effects of the TPC and the introduced D2D layer on the network EE and SE. We will also observe that the energy-harvesting CR-based D2D communication network design will not only ease the spectrum shortage problem but will also result in a greener network thanks to its reliance on ambient energies.

Application of Galvanic Zinc-Iron Coating in the Repair of Transport and Technological Machines

The article presents the results of experimental studies to determine the relationship between the electrolysis modes and the properties of electroplating coatings for mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the electrolytic process (MDEP), described by a system of ordinary differential equations due to the complex relationship of the kinetics of chemical reactions, hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the electrolyte flow, the kinematics of electrode plates, and the influence of the electric field of the "anode-cathode" pair on all these processes. At the same time, the experimental base was a series of full-scale experiments to restore the seats of the root supports of cylinder blocks with electroplated coatings. The final result of the research is the procedure for constructing an optimal resource-saving mode of electroplating, which is a zinc-iron alloy.

Study on water saving strategy of students' dormitory in Chifeng University

In order to solve the problem of waste of living water in Chifeng College Students' dormitory, the actual situation of water consumption in student dormitory was investigated. This paper analyzes the potential of water-saving and water-saving technology and strategy of Chifeng College, and finds out the water-saving mode suitable for the dormitory of Chifeng College. On this basis, the research on the application of reclaimed water treatment technology and the construction of reclaimed water treatment station in Chifeng university is carried out. This study provides theoretical and experimental support for solving the problem of water-saving in Chifeng College.

Energy Saving Optimization of High Speed Train Based on Speed Prediction Control Curve

In order to study the energy-saving operation of high-speed trains, the energy consumption of trains is taken as the goal, and the speed at the transition point of the operating conditions is the optimization variable, an artificial bee colony algorithm is used to optimize the speed curve across the entire line, the purpose is to obtain the first stage optimization speed curve. On this basis, the conditions of the actual running line are fully considered, and the predictive control algorithm is used to optimize the local prediction of the speed, the purpose is to obtain the second stage optimization speed curve. The simulation results show that compared with the energy consumption in the time-saving mode, the energy consumption after the second prediction optimization is reduced by 19.29%. It is verified that the secondary speed curve obtained by the combination of the global artificial bee colony algorithm and the predictive control algorithm has better performance in energy saving effect. This paper can provide good reference value and practical significance for the energy-saving operation of other vehicles.