Lung cancer classification using fuzzy c-means and fuzzy kernel C-Means based on CT scan image

<span id="docs-internal-guid-94842888-7fff-2ae1-cd5c-026943b95b7f"><span>Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. Cancer is a disease when abnormal cells grow out of control that can attack the body's organs side by side or spread to other organs. Lung cancer is a condition when malignant cells form in the lungs. To diagnose lung cancer can be done by taking x-ray images, CT scans, and lung tissue biopsy. In this modern era, technology is expected to help research in the field of health. Therefore, in this study feature extraction from CT images was used as data to classify lung cancer. We used CT scan image data from SPIE-AAPM Lung CT challenge 2015. Fuzzy C-Means and fuzzy kernel C-Means were used to classify the lung nodule from the patient into benign or malignant. Fuzzy C-Means is a soft clustering method that uses Euclidean distance to calculate the cluster center and membership matrix. Whereas fuzzy kernel C-Means uses kernel distance to calculate it. In addition, the support vector machine was used in another study to obtain 72% average AUC. Simulations were performed using different k-folds. The score showed fuzzy kernel C-Means had the highest accuracy of 74%, while fuzzy C-Means obtained 73% accuracy. </span></span>

Distance and Areas Weighting of GWR Kriging for Stunting Cases In East Java

Spatial heterogeneity shows the characteristic location from one location to others location and it is the main assumption in Geographically Weighted Regression. The location becomes a weight on GWR model, There are two groups of location weight namely based on distance and area. The weight considers the closeness between the location. The accuracy weighted is needed because the weighting represents the data location. The aim of this research was to get a suitable weighting method for stunting data. This research used secondary data about stunting and the influence factors of stunting such as coverage visiting of pregnant women (K1), consumption of FE tablet, exclusive of breastfeeding, immunization coverage, and clean health behaviour. Those data obtained from the Healthy Ministry of East Jawa.Based on the results of this research show that the goodness weighting for GWR modell is Adaptive Bisquare Kernel (distance weighting). The predicted mapping stunting is showed by interpolation Kriging with a range of 27% to 49,5%.

Fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) based feature selection and hybrid kernel distance based possibilistic fuzzy local information C-means (HKD-PFLICM) clustering for churn prediction in telecom industry

Customer churn has been considered as one of the key issues in the operations of the corporate business sector, as it influences the turnover directly. In particular, the telecom industries are seeking to develop new approaches to predict potential customer to churn. So, it needs the appropriate algorithms to overcome the increasing problem of churn. This work proposed a churn prediction model that employs both strategies of classification and clustering, that helps in recognizing the churn consumers and giving the reasons after the churning of subscribers in the industry of telecom. The process of information gain and fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) has been executed by the method of feature selection, besides the divergence kernel-based support vector machine (DKSVM) classifier is employed in categorizing churn customers in the proposed approach. In this way, the compelling guidelines on retention have generated since the process plays a vital role in customer relationship management (CRM) to suppress the churners. After the classification process, the churn customers are divided into clusters through the process of fragmenting the data of churning customer. The cluster-based retention offers have provided by the clustering algorithm of hybrid kernel distance-based possibilistic fuzzy local information C-means (HKD-PFLICM), whereas the measurement of distance have accomplished through the kernel functions such as the hyperbolic tangent kernel and Gaussian kernel. The results reveal that proposed churn prediction model (FPSO- DKSVM) produced better churn classification results compared to other existing algorithms such as K-means, flexible K-Medoids, fuzzy local information C-means (FLICM), possibilistic FLICM (PFLICM) and entropy weighting FLICM (EWFLICM). Article highlights Customer churn is a major concern in most of the companies as it influences the turnover directly. The performance of churn prediction has been improved by applying artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. Churn prediction plays a crucial role in telecom industry, as they are in the position to maintain their precious customers and organize their Customer Relationship Management.

Urban Noise Inference Model Based on Multiple Views and Kernel Tensor Decomposition

Prediction of urban noise is becoming more significant for tackling noise pollution and protecting human mental health. However, the existing noise prediction algorithms neglected not only the correlation between noise regions, but also the nonlinearity and sparsity of the data, which resulted in low accuracy of filling in the missing entries of data. In this paper, we propose a model based on multiple views and kernel-matrix tensor decomposition to predict the noise situation at different times of day in each region. We first construct a kernel tensor decomposition model by using kernel mapping in order to speed decomposition rate and realize stable estimate the prediction system. Then, we analyze and compute the cause of the noise from multiple views including computing the similarity of regions and the correlation between noise categories by kernel distance, which improves the credibility to infer the noise situation and the categories of regions. Finally, we devise a prediction algorithm based on the kernel-matrix tensor factorization model. We evaluate our method with a real dataset, and the experiments to verify the advantages of our method compared with other existing baselines.

Variational level set image segmentation model coupled with kernel distance function

One of the crucial challenges in the area of image segmentation is intensity inhomogeneity. For most of the region-based models, it is not easy to completely segment images having severe intensity inhomogeneity and complex structure, as they rely on intensity distributions. In this work, we proposed a firsthand hybrid model by blending kernel and Euclidean distance metrics. Experimental results on some real and synthetic images suggest that our proposed model is better than models of Chan and Vese, Wu and He, and Salah et al.

A Synthetic Feature Skull Descriptor for 3D Skull Similarity Measurement

3D skull similarity measurement is a challenging and meaningful task in the fields of archaeology, forensic science, and anthropology. However, it is difficult to correctly and directly measure the similarity between 3D skulls which are geometric models with multiple border holes and complex topologies. In this paper, based on the synthetic feature method, we propose a novel 3D skull descriptor, synthetic wave kernel distance distribution (SWKDD) constructed by the laplace–beltrami operator. By defining SWKDD, we obtain a concise global skull representation method and transform the complex 3D skull similarity measurement into a simple 1D vector similarity measurement. First, we give the definition and calculation of SWKDD and analyse its properties. Second, we represent a framework for 3D skull similarity measurement using the SWKDD of 3D skulls and details of the calculation steps involved. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed method by calculating the similarity measurement of 3D skulls based on the real craniofacial database.

Computational Methods for Detection of Differentially Methylated Regions Using Kernel Distance and Scan Statistics

Motivation: Researchers in genomics are increasingly interested in epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation because they play an important role in regulating gene expression without changes in the sequence of DNA. Abnormal DNA methylation is associated with many human diseases. Results: We propose two different approaches to test for differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with complex traits, while accounting for correlations among CpG sites in the DMRs. The first approach is a nonparametric method using a kernel distance statistic and the second one is a likelihood-based method using a binomial spatial scan statistic. The kernel distance method uses the kernel function, while the binomial scan statistic approach uses a mixed-effects model to incorporate correlations among CpG sites. Extensive simulations show that both approaches have excellent control of type I error, and both have reasonable statistical power. The binomial scan statistic approach appears to have higher power, while the kernel distance method is computationally faster. The proposed methods are demonstrated using data from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) study.