A Coagulation Mode on Bipolar Electrosurgery Unit Using 350 KHz Frequency and Power Selection

Losing a lot of blood during surgery using a conventional scalpel is something that is highly avoided. The purpose of this study is to replace the conventional scalpel with a tool that utilizes a high frequency whose duty cycle is regulated and then centered at one point. Researchers take advantage of the effect of heat generated by high frequencies which are centered at one point so that it can be used for the process of surgery and coagulation in body tissues so as to minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss. Researchers use a high frequency of 350 KHz which is set with a duty cycle of 6% on 94% off and is equipped with 3 levels of power selection and uses forceps as a medium to concentrate high frequencies at one point. The module design consists of a 350 KHz frequency generator, a pulse control circuit to adjust the duty cycle, a power control circuit as a power setting, a driver circuit to combine the frequency with the set power so that different outputs are obtained according to the settings, and an inverter circuit to increase the voltage. In this study, after measuring using an oscilloscope in the driver circuit, the average output amplitude at each low, medium, and high setting was 27.25 Vpp, 28 Vpp, and 28.625 Vpp. The results showed that the bipolar electrosurgery unit (coagulation) module as a whole can replace conventional scalpels so that it can minimize the occurrence of a lot of blood loss during surgery. However, the frequency generator and power selection need to be improved.

Advances in Outpatient Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a gynaecological procedure that has developed into an important tool to identify endometrial abnormality. It offers direct examination of the uterine cavity and tubal ostia and offers the option of performing targeted biopsy of suspected lesions that can be missed by blind procedures. In a large number of cases, the intrauterine lesions can be diagnosed and treated at the same setting as one step approach (“see and treat”). For example, endometrial polyps can be identified and removed; intrauterine adhesions may be divided in the office owing to the practicability of operative saline hysteroscopy, vaginoscopic approach and the convenience of miniature hysteroscopes. There is decent evidence that hysteroscopy in the outpatient clinic setting is preferred by the patients, associated with low risk of complications, quicker recovery time and reduced cost. Technological advances have led to development of high definition miniature hysteroscopes without negotiating optical performance, and hence making hysteroscopy an ingenuous, safe and trusted office procedure. Recent advances such as bipolar electrosurgery, endometrial ablation devices, morcellators and tissue retrieval system has transformed the surgical technique. This modernization of hysteroscopy completely revolutionised the approach to the management of intrauterine pathologies, moving from a blind procedure under general anaesthesia to directly visualised procedure under no or local anaesthesia, offering diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures that should be at the disposal of every modern gynaecologist.

Dynamic Impedance Monitoring for Large Diameter Vessel Sealing Using Bipolar Electrosurgery

Vessel sealing using bipolar electrosurgery is becoming a common practice in modern operating rooms. Despite all the advantages such as faster operation, less bleeding, and shorter postsurgery recovery time, side effects including sticking, charring, and rebleeding still occur, leading to increased surgery time and sometimes fatal complications. Tissue impedance during the electrosurgical process has been used to determine the electrical power of the process. However, little has been done to understand the dynamic tissue impedance and its effectiveness in monitoring the vessel sealing process. Moreover, the samples used in previous studies all had small diameters of 2–5 mm. In this study, an experimental setup was developed to perform vessel sealing tests using large-diameter blood vessel samples with mimicking blood flow. The tissue impedance during the heating process was obtained. Burst pressures after sealing were measured. A finite element simulation model was developed to understand the dynamic impedance behavior. It is seen that the tissue impedance increases rapidly in the beginning of the heating process and remains at a level that is several orders of magnitude higher than the initial value. This rapid impedance increase indicates protein denaturing, thus can be used to monitor the electrosurgical vessel sealing process. An impedance-based monitoring algorithm was developed, with which a burst pressure at least twice the normal human systolic blood pressure was achieved.

Energy sources in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery

A number of energy sources are used in gynecologic laparoscopy. Monopolar electrosurgery, bipolar electrosurgery, advanced bipolar devices, ultrasonic energy and various types of lasers are some of the technologies used nowadays to facilitate surgeons tasks during laparoscopic operations. A lack of basic knowledge or ignorance of principles of electrosurgery and equipment among obstetricians and gynecologists is reported. As a result thermal injuries during laparoscopic electrosurgery occur, which frequently lead to significant morbidity and mortality and medicolegal actions. It is important though that surgeons have an understanding of the biophysics of these technologies in order to understand their limitations and potential dangers and to utilize the most appropriate energy source in the appropriate clinical setting to minimize the risk of a potential complication. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of these energy sources, the tissue effects and the complications that may arise. It aims to highlight any potential advantages or disadvantages of various energy sources and help surgeons to achieve better knowledge of their instrumentation.

Rancang Bangun Electrosurgery Unit (Pure Cut) Mode Bipolar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah modul Electrosurgery unit (Pure Cut) mode bipolar. Adapun yang menjadi penulis melatar belakangi pembuat modul ini karena peralatan bedah yang berfungsi melakukan pembedahan dengan meminimalisir darah yang dikeluarkan oleh pasien, dengan memanfaatkan frekuensi tinggi dan arus listrik untuk memotong (cutting), mengental (coagulation), dan pengeringan jaringan (fulguration). Namun pada penelitian ini menggunakan mode cutting saja dengan dua pemilihan daya dan frekuensi dapat diatur dengan rentan 100 kHz sampai 300 kHz. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil dengan daya terendah 6,5 Watt dan daya tertinggi 38,6 Watt, yang mempengaruhi hasil ukur daya tegangan, arus, hambatan, dan frekuensi. Bipolar electrosurgery adalah salah satu alat bedah yang paling umum digunakan untuk seluruh pembedahan pada titik tertentu, berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu adanya alat bedah dengan mode bipolar untuk pembedahan minor misal pada organ tubuh tertentu yang membutuhkan lingkup kecil pada manusia dengan menggunakan frekuensi tinggi.

Influence of various options of expeditious treatment of apoplexy of ovary on condition of ovariale reserve

The objective: to study influence of various options of expeditious treatment of apoplexy of ovaries on a condition of ovariale reserve. Materials and methods. Clinical-laboratory and tool examination of 65 patients with an apoplexy of an ovary whom the first time operated with laparoscopic access was conducted. These patients were included in prospective research and divided into two groups depending on the hemostasis used during operation. 1 group included 35 patients, hemostasis with which carried out by means of bipolar coagulation, into the 2nd group – 30 patients, bleeding from ovary was stopped by means of suture. Results. Results of the conducted researches testify, that hemostasis exercise at operations at patients with it was carried out by an apoplexy of the ovary, whatever way (bipolar current or suture), leads to loss of part of an ovariale reserve. To larger losses of ovariale reserve leads use for a stopping of bleeding of bipolar electrosurgery. Conclution. The received results need to be considered as at expeditious treatment of women with an ovary apoplexy, and at restoration of genesial function. Key words: ovary apoplexy, hemostasis, ovariale reserve.

Wireless bipolar electrosurgical device by using power energy transfer

This paper presents to develop a system of wireless power transfer for medical applications.Many surgeons use the bipolar electrosurgery system that runs on a battery for a different kind of surgery. This venture is intended to control a rechargeable cordless remote which is used in operation room/theatre. This venture is framed out from Alternating Current(AC) of 220 Volt(V) 50 Hz to 12V Direct Current(DC) then converted to 12V AC at 20 kHz in the circuit. DC battery is provided in an electrode of the 12 V bipolar electrosurgery system and the arrangement for charging battery is also prudently/properly made. The new design is an improvement based on specialists' complain regarding the visibility of wire/eletrical line of standard electrocautery instrument Theose wire always put them at risk of being tangled on the searing instrument which can burn the hand. Not only that, it also restrict their hands movement from performing surgery. The electrical wire is a weakness/disadvantage as it requires an observation of eletrical wire from the hand position to guarantee that it stays sterile amid surgical operations.

Novel technique of a multifunctional electrosurgical system for minimally invasive surgery

Bipolar electrosurgery in the minimally invasive endoscopic surgery theater has been traditionally limited to the use of standard bipolar forceps, which are minimally versatile, have a limited range of motion, and are associated with visualization and handling constraints. The authors designed a novel surgical device system in which commonly used surgical instruments (suction, microscissors, micrograspers, and dissectors) co-function as individually insulated and modular electrodes for bipolar electrosurgery. In this feasibility study, the successful use of these prototypes in endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery was demonstrated on 2 human cadavers, and in an in vivo arterial coagulation model on 2 live rats. This prototype system provided improved bipolar instrument mobility, minimized the requirement to exchange surgical instruments when performing electrosurgery, and allowed for new maneuvers that optimized surgical workflow, such as the ability to suction blood and smoke while cauterizing. This multifunctional bipolar cautery system may improve surgical efficiency and workflow and facilitate surgical microdissection and electrocautery during minimally invasive, endoscopic, robotic or traditional open surgery.