Real-time Optimization and Implementation of Multi-rate Digital FIR Kernel Filter

One ideal performance of this design is in the areas of decimation where a decimation factor of 10, 45-order and pass band ripple of 1dB and interpolation of sampled rates where a sinusoidal signal input produced a ripple free output with interpolation factor of 10, 52-order and stopband attenuation of 60dB. Owing to the multiple samples of filter length of 200, the filter performed down sampling preceded with filtering as well as up sampling preceded with filtering, hence multi-rate filter by allowing a low threshold of frequency of to be passed, blocking a high threshold of and vice versa. There was resampled output increased to 150% preceded by filtering. The filter coefficients for low pass and high pass Digital FIR filter, through the least square regression method, parks McClellan Algorithm and window methods were employed for easy optimization. More so, there was creation of 2-4-5 filter channel banks through the 2nd-level convolution of their down sampling and up sampling filtering techniques during the multi-irate filtering to ensure the design of error-free Digital FIR Filter using MATLAB File editor(M-File) and tool boxes for writing the C-programming of the design. In the analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the low pass Digital FIR Filter output during decimation and interpolation are (0.26, 6.13) and (0.004,1.22) respectively.

The Numerical Simulation Study of the Oil–Water Seepage Behavior Dependent on the Polymer Concentration in Polymer Flooding

It is well acknowledged that due to the polymer component, the oil–water relative permeability curve in polymer flooding is different from the curve in waterflooding. As the viscoelastic properties and the trapping number are presented for modifying the oil–water relative permeability curve, the integration of these two factors for the convenience of simulation processes has become a key issue. In this paper, an interpolation factor Ω that depends on the normalized polymer concentration is firstly proposed for simplification. Then, the numerical calculations in the self-developed simulator are performed to discuss the effects of the interpolation factor on the well performances and the applications in field history matching. The results indicate that compared with the results of the commercial simulator, the simulation with the interpolation factor Ω could more accurately describe the effect of the injected polymer solution in controlling water production, and more efficiently simplify the combination of factors on relative permeability curves in polymer flooding. Additionally, for polymer flooding history matching, the interpolation factor Ω is set as an adjustment parameter based on core flooding results to dynamically consider the change of the relative permeability curves, and has been successfully applied in the water cut matching of the two wells in Y oilfield. This investigation provides an efficient method to evaluate the seepage behavior variation of polymer flooding.

Design of Reconfigurable Time-to-Digital Converter Based on Cascaded Time Interpolators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

This paper presents a reconfigurable time-to-digital converter (TDC) used to quantize the phase of the impedance in electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The TDC in the EIS system must handle a wide input-time range for analysis in the low-frequency range and have a high resolution for analysis in the high-frequency range. The proposed TDC adopts a coarse counter to support a wide input-time range and cascaded time interpolators to improve the time resolution in the high-frequency analysis without increasing the counting clock speed. When the same large interpolation factor is adopted, the cascaded time interpolators have shorter measurement time and smaller chip area than a single-stage time interpolator. A reconfigurable time interpolation factor is adopted to maintain the phase resolution with reasonable measurement time. The fabricated TDC has a peak-to-peak phase error of less than 0.72° over the input frequency range from 1 kHz to 512 kHz and the phase error of less than 2.70° when the range is extended to 2.048 MHz, which demonstrates a competitive performance when compared with previously reported designs.

An Audio Hiding Algorithm Based on Spline Interpolation and Wavelet Transform

Based on the characteristics of sampling points to get approximate numerical interpolation point, first to the whole speech signal wavelet decomposition, the extract is not sensitive to the human ear hearing wavelet coefficients as the location of the embedded watermark information, the interpolation factor by using spline interpolation to replace known the low-frequency wavelet coefficients to embed watermark. The simulation results show that the algorithm not only has imperceptibility, such as MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, white noise, sampling, quantitative attack has good robustness. It achieves a better balance in robustness and imperceptibility.