Application of Wind Tunnel Device for Evaluation of Biokinetic Parameters of Running

The aim of the study was the application of high-tech wind tunnel device to identify the changes in the biokinetic parameters of running performed on the specially designed treadmill. The research was carried out in the “Planica Nordic Centre—PNC” in the wind tunnel system, where the AirRunner Assault treadmill, which was equipped with four sensors measuring the vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces, was installed. To obtain biokinetic data, the runners performed the treadmill’s run under conditions of airflow directed at each participant’s back (backwind speeds + 3 m/s and +5 m/s) and the chest (headwind speeds −5 m/s and −7 m/s). The runner’s speed was measured via image analysis using a DSLR camera and markers on the belt of the treadmill. Additionally, a high-speed camera synchronised to the force acquisition system was used to analyse the contact phase via comparison of foot placement and time series of the ground reaction forces. The contact phases of the running step were found to be longer than the flight phases, with their duration ranging from 0.15 to 0.20 s and the maximum forces at take-off were found to be greater than when running with the backwind. It should be noted that the application of high-tech devices wind tunnel and treadmill were found to be sufficiently accurate to perform kinetic measurements of running parameters in changing conditions, such as resistance and assistance (facilitating).

The Relationship Between the Biokinetic Parameters of an Aerobic Granular Sludge System and the Applied Operating Conditions

Biokinetic parameters help to describe the rate of substrate utilization and biomass production or growth by microbial action, which is important to the design process and performance optimization of wastewater treatment. Although studies of the biokinetic parameters of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems have been increasing lately, the significance for each value in terms of maximum specific growth rate (μmax), substrate concentration at one-half of the maximum specific growth rate (KS), and cell yield (Y) in relation to the applied operating conditions are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship and significance between the above-stated biokinetic parameters with organic loading rate (OLR) and reactor height/diameter (H/D) ratio from five different batches of AGS treated sewage, using the independent t-test. The biokinetic parameters are summarized as biomass production (Y and μmax ) and relied upon the relative increase in the OLR and reactor H/D ratios. Additionally, aerobic granules developed in reactors with a high H/D ratio have a shorter setup time and are more active in contrast with low H/D ratio reactors.

Investigation of biokinetic effects on hybrid multienzyme biosensor system

PurposeIn this paper, hybrid multienzyme biosensor system, which detects analyte through molecular conversion into signal response, is analyzed and presented. The biokinetic effects of pertinent parameters such as Michaelis–Menten constant, inhibitor inhibition and substrate inhibition modulus on biochemical reactions are investigated.Design/methodology/approachBiochemical reaction models are described by five nonlinear equations for bisubstrate amperometric system analyzed adopting the regular perturbation method.FindingsResults obtained reveal that increasing Michaelis–Menten constant of oxygen causes a significant decrease in hydrogen peroxide concentration while increasing Michaelis–Menten constant of glucose shows increasing effect on oxygen concentration. Hence, results obtained from this work serve as reference for further analysis of concentration models and offer useful insight to relevant applications such as food safety, environmental and biomedical applications.Practical implicationsThis work serves as reference for further analysis of concentration models and offers useful insight to relevant applications such as food safety, environmental and biomedical applications.Originality/valueThis paper examines the effect of biokinetic parameters on the concentration of the hybrid multienzyme biosensor. Here the effects of parameters such as inhibitor inhibition, substrate inhibition and Michealis–Menten were investigated on substrate, inhibition and product concentrations. It is illustrated from result that inhibitor parameter slows enzymatic catalytic reaction while substrate enhances reaction. This study applied approximate analytical scheme to investigate the biokinetic effects, adopting the regular perturbation scheme.

Kinetic of 4-Chlorophenols Biodegradation by Arthrobacter Chlorophenolicus A6

Chlorophenols are listed as priority pollutants both by European community and US EPA. Biodegradation of pchlorophenol (4-CP) was investigated in batch shake flasks by Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 at initial 4-CP concentrations between 25 to 350 mgl-1. The rate of 4-CP removal decreased with increasing initial 4-CP concentrations due to toxic effects on the microorganisms. The growth and biodegradation kinetic of the culture was evaluated. The batch growth profile of the A chlorophenolicus A6 followed substrate inhibition kinetics with the estimated biokinetic parameters of Ksi = 272 mgl-1, Ks = 65 mgl-1 for 4-CP respectively. High inhibition constant (KSI = 272 mg -l) with a KSI/KS ratio of 4.18 indicates superior 4-CP biodegradation potential of the A chlorophenolicus A6. The maximum rate of 4-CP degradation has been achieved at an optimum substrate concentration of Smax = (KSKSI)1/2 = (65×272)1/2 = 133 mgl−1.

Kemampuan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Mengakumulasi Plutonium Melalui Jalur Air Laut

Operasional fasilitas nuklir yang ada di Serpong memungkinkan melepas radionuklida ke lingkungan. Isotop Pu merupakan radionuklida yang terlepas ke lingkungan. Lepasan tersebut terbawa oleh air sungai atau run off memasuki Teluk Jakarta. Kerang hijau (Perna viridis) mampu mengakumulasi radionuklida tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memahami kinetika proses bioakumulasi Pu oleh kerang hijau yang dipengaruhi oleh spesiasinya. Percobaan dilakukan melalui tahapan: aklimatisasi, bioakumulasi (242Pu3+ dan 242Pu4+) dan depurasi. Parameter biokinetika diamati meliputi faktor konsentrasi (CF), konstanta laju pengambilan (ku), konstanta laju pelepasan (ke), faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF), dan waktu paruh biologis (tb1/2). Berdasarkan uji statis non parametric menunjukkan spesiasi 242Pu3+ dan 242Pu4+ berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Perna viridis mengakumulasi Pu. Rerata kemampuan bioakumulasi 242Pu4+ oleh Perna viridis adalah 1,2 kali dibandingkan 242Pu4+. Kata kunci : Bioakumulasi , biokinetika, Perna viridis, plutonium, spesiasi, Perna viridis, plutonium. Operations of nuclear facilities in Serpong have potentially release radionuclides to environment. Pu isotope is one of radionuclide that is released into the environment. The release of this radionuclide was carried by the river water or run off entered the Bay of Jakarta. Green mussels (Perna viridis) can be accumulate this radionuclides. The aims of this study was to understand of the biokinetic of Pu bioaccumulation process by green mussels which are affected by its speciation. The experiment was carried out through stages: acclimatization, bioaccumulation (242Pu3+ and 242Pu4+) and depuration. Biokinetic parameters was observed include concentration factor (CF), uptake rate constant (ku), release rate constant (ke), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and biological half-life (tb1/2). Base on non parametric statistic test shown that speciation of 242Pu3+ and 242Pu4+ had an effect on the ability of Perna viridis to accumulate Pu. Avarage of bioaccumulation capabilities of 242Pu4+ by Perna viridis are 1.2 than 242Pu3+. Keywords: bioaccumulation, biokinetics, plutonium, Perna viridis, speciation.

Estimation of biokinetic parameters in the acid fermentation of primary sludge using an anaerobic baffled reactor

Biokinetic models of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) type-acid fermentation with a short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of four days were proposed for obtaining high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) based on the dynamic microbial growth rate.

Mathematical Modeling of Multienzyme Biosensor System

A mathematical model of hybrid inhibitor biosensor system is discussed. This model consists of five nonlinear partial differential equations for bisubstrate sensitive amperometric system. Simple and closed form of analytical expressions for concentration of glucose-6-phosphate (substrate), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (inhibitor), oxygen (co-substrate), glucose (product 1), and hydrogen peroxide (product 3) is obtained in terms of rate constant using modified Adomian decomposition method (MADM). In this study, behavior of biokinetic parameters is analyzed using this theoretical result. The obtained analytical results (concentrations) are compared with the numerical results and are found to be in satisfactory agreement.