ANALISA SPASIAL UNTUK MELIHAT TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI BANTEN

Banten Province is an expantion area of the mother province, West Java. It is adjacent to the nation’s capital have an impact on the welfare of the surrounding community either in the district or municipality. So far, the data and information about the well-being of Banten area has not been distributed spatially. This is not less effective and informative when local government wants to make a policy that related to increased welfare at the district. This study was conducted to see the level of welfare in Banten through geographic information system approach. Data used in the process of spatial analysis includes the human development index, population density, dependency ratio and livelihood. The method used to process spatial analysis is weighted and overlay. The result of analysis showed that the average level of prosperity in Banten Province was in middle category which covers 116 districts out of the 155 districts spread across Banten. The rest was categorized quite high. The percentage of welfare level “Medium”and “High Enough” amounted to 74.83% and 25.17%. The sub districts have the status of “High Enough” majority owned by Tangerang district namely as many as 24 sub districts with 15.48%. These results are expected to be used as input for the Banten Provincial Government or the related parties in order to make a policies for improving the quality of life in society.

On the relation between filament density, force generation, and protrusion rate in mesenchymal cell motility

Lamellipodia are flat membrane protrusions formed during mesenchymal motion. Polymerization at the leading edge assembles the actin filament network and generates protrusion force. How this force is supported by the network and how the assembly rate is shared between protrusion and network retrograde flow determines the protrusion rate. We use mathematical modeling to understand experiments changing the F-actin density in lamellipodia of B16-F1 melanoma cells by modulation of Arp2/3 complex activity or knockout of the formins FMNL2 and FMNL3. Cells respond to a reduction of density with a decrease of protrusion velocity, an increase in the ratio of force to filament number, but constant network assembly rate. The relation between protrusion force and tension gradient in the F-actin network and the density dependency of friction, elasticity, and viscosity of the network explain the experimental observations. The formins act as filament nucleators and elongators with differential rates. Modulation of their activity suggests an effect on network assembly rate. Contrary to these expectations, the effect of changes in elongator composition is much weaker than the consequences of the density change. We conclude that the force acting on the leading edge membrane is the force required to drive F-actin network retrograde flow.

Recent Developments and Limitations of the SFG Model

The SFG model was proposed in attempt to provide a consistent description of the stress-strain behaviour of unsaturated soils, including compacted soils and soils dried from slurry. It differs from existing models mainly through two aspects: a consistent description of volume change, yield stress and shear strength behaviour of unsaturated soils and a smooth and natural transition between saturated and unsaturated states. The model has attracted significant attention since it was first proposed and has been extended to cover coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour, hysteretic water retention behaviour and density-dependency. This paper presents a summary of the latest developments of the model, as well as the aspects that require further refinements.

Escherichia coli Quorum-Sensing EDF, A Peptide Generated by Novel Multiple Distinct Mechanisms and Regulated by trans -Translation

ABSTRACT Eshcerichia coli mazEF is a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin module mediating cell death and requiring a quorum-sensing (QS) e xtracellular d eath f actor (EDF), the pentapeptide NNWNN. Here we uncovered several distinct molecular mechanisms involved in its generation from the zwf mRNA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In particular, we show that, under stress conditions, the endoribonuclease MazF cleaves specific ACA sites, thereby generating a leaderless zwf mRNA which is truncated 30 codons after the EDF-encoding region. Since the nascent ribosome peptide exit tunnel can accommodate up to 40 amino acids, this arrangement allows the localization of the EDF residues inside the tunnel when the ribosome is stalled at the truncation site. Moreover, ribosome stalling activates the trans -translation system, which provides a means for the involvement of ClpPX in EDF generation. Furthermore, the trans -translation is described as a regulatory system that attenuated the generation of EDF, leading to low levels of EDF in the single cell. Therefore, the threshold EDF molecule concentration required is achieved only by the whole population, as expected for QS. IMPORTANCE Bacteria communicate with one another via quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules. QS provides a mechanism for bacteria to monitor each other’s presence and to modulate gene expression in response to population density. Previously, we added E. coli pentapeptide EDF to this list of QS molecules. We showed that, under stress conditions, the induced MazF, an endoribonuclease cleaving at ACA sites, generates EDF from zwf. Here we studied the mechanism of EDF generation and asked whether it is related to EDF density dependency. We illustrated that, under stress conditions, multiple distinct complex mechanisms are involved in EDF generation. This includes formation of leaderless truncated zwf mRNA by MazF, configuration of a length corresponding to the nascent ribosome peptide exit tunnel, rescue performed by the trans -translation system, and cleavage by ClpPX protease. trans -Translation is described as a regulatory system attenuating EDF generation and leading to low levels of EDF in the single cell, as expected for QS.

Global Property in a Delayed Periodic Predator-Prey Model with Stage-Structure in Prey and Density-Independence in Predator

We study the global property in a delayed periodic predator-prey model with stage-structure in prey and density-independence in predator. The sufficient conditions on the ultimate boundedness of all positive solutions are obtained, and the sufficient conditions of the integrable form for the permanence and extinction are further established, respectively. Some well-known results on the predator density-dependency are improved and extended to the predator density-independent cases. The theoretical results are confirmed by the special examples and the numerical simulations.