Digital Transformation Driven by Internet Data Center

With the acceleration of the digital transformation and technological upgradation of various industries, in the wake of application of new technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things, the demand for data storage, computing, transmission, and applications has greatly increased. Remote working, remote education, and e-commerce on account of the pandemic have led to a drastic increase in data consumption as well. The processing and analysis of massive data requires the construction of an information infrastructure—Internet Data Center (IDC). In the past few years, China's government has been dedicating itself to the task of constructing IDCs in some underdeveloped areas and establishing more detailed regulations. This chapter introduces some basic policies and implications behind this and a mathematical way to quantitatively analyse the investment efficiency of R&D resources in China's different regions. Several recommendations for the government and the society at large have also been outlined in this chapter for improvement in the whole ecosystem for IDCs in China.

Ethics, Digital Rights Management, and Cyber Security

Cloud content hosting and redistribution is enabling convenient and easy access to online content thereby accelerating the adoption and penetration of internet in past two decades. The current Industry 4.0 revolution and adoption and acceleration efforts are leveraging cloud computing as a means to store, retrieve, and share data. This makes the internet a relatively vulnerable to content abuse and increase the demand of clear consent before data consumption and redistribution. The growth of cloud computing and management technologies is penetrating in the market, and digital rights management (DRM) practices are needed for better and ethically safe online space. This chapter talks about state-of-the-art DRM paradigms being proposed in the literature and critically discusses their technical performance, flexibility, and immutability challenges. This chapter will clarify internet governance implementation roadmap for Industry 4.0 revolution by critically analyzing the cloud technology stack and ethical features by advocating Cloud DRM.

Finding Their Data Voice: Practices and Challenges of Dashboard Users

Dashboards are the ubiquitous means of data communication within organizations.Yet we have limited understanding of how they factor into data practices in the workplace, particularly for data workers who do not self-identify as professional analysts. We focus on data workers who use dashboards as a primary interface to data, reporting on an interview study that characterizes their data practices and the accompanying barriers to seamless data interaction.While dashboards are typically designed for data consumption, our findings show that dashboard users have far more diverse needs. To capture these activities, we frame data workers’ practices as data conversations:conversations with data capture classic analysis(asking and answering data questions), while conversations through and around data involve constructing representations and narratives for sharing and communication. Dashboard users faced substantial barriers in their data conversations: their engagement with data was often intermittent, dependent on experts, and involved an awkward assembly of tools. We challenge the visualization and analytics community to embrace dashboard users as a population and design tools that blend seamlessly into their work contexts

Alternative negative weight for simpler hardware implementation of synapse device based neuromorphic system

Lately, there has been a rapid increase in the use of software-based deep learning neural networks (S-DNN) for the analysis of unstructured data consumption. For implementation of the S-DNN, synapse-device-based hardware DNN (H-DNN) has been proposed as an alternative to typical Von-Neumann structural computing systems. In the H-DNN, various numerical values such as the synaptic weight, activation function, and etc., have to be realized through electrical device or circuit. Among them, the synaptic weight that should have both positive and negative numerical values needs to be implemented in a simpler way. Because the synaptic weight has been expressed by conductance value of the synapse device, it always has a positive value. Therefore, typically, a pair of synapse devices is required to realize the negative weight values, which leads to additional hardware resources such as more devices, higher power consumption, larger area, and increased circuit complexity. Herein, we propose an alternative simpler method to realize the negative weight (named weight shifter) and its hardware implementation. To demonstrate the weight shifter, we investigated its theoretical, numerical, and circuit-related aspects, following which the H-DNN circuit was successfully implemented on a printed circuit board.

Sponsored Data: Smarter Data Pricing with Incomplete Information

With the development of data-intensive internet services, the world has witnessed explosive growth in mobile data consumption during the last couple of years. The upcoming generation of 5G-capable phones and networks will continue and even accelerate that process. At the same time, consumers are becoming more conscious about their data consumption because their monthly caps of mobile data plans can be easily exhausted by premium content, such as high-definition videos and virtual-reality games. In response, the mobile network operators (MNOs) have proposed a new business model, the so-called sponsored data plans, to subsidize consumers by transferring at least part of the data bills from consumers to content providers. Although industry practitioners claim that sponsored data plans increase consumer welfare, our analysis reveals that the impact of sponsored data on consumer surplus depends crucially on whether the MNO has complete information of the consumers’ valuation of mobile data. Our analysis helps provide a clearer picture of the impact of sponsored data on consumer surplus while reconciling the conflicting views from scholars, digital rights groups, and the network carriers.

Automation of Data Consumption by Pluggable Module Software

Servers are required to monitor the health of the various I/O cards connected to it to alert the required personnel to service these cards. The Data Collection Unit (DCU) is responsible for detecting the I/O cards, sending their inventory as well as monitoring their health. Currently, the keys required to detect these I/O cards are manually coded into the source code. Such a task is highly laborious and time-consuming. To eliminate this manual work, a Software Pluggable Module was devised which would read the I/O card-related information from the I/O component list. This software design aims at using Data Science and OOPS concepts to automate certain tasks on server systems. The proposed methodology is implemented on a Linux system. The software design is modular in nature and extensible to accommodate future requirements. Such an automation framework can be used to track information maintained in Excel Spreadsheets and access them using an Application Programming Interface (API).

Stakeholders’ Consumption of Agricultural Injury Reports from News Media: A Six-Year Analysis of Website Usage and Visitor Analytics

AgInjuryNews.org is a news report-based, online sentinel surveillance dataset that has provided publicly available news and media reports of agricultural injuries since early 2015. In the 6 years since its inception, AgInjuryNews.org has hosted 12,897 unique visitors and has collected 997 user account registrations. New users from geographic areas home to NIOSH-funded agricultural research centres were most prominent, with these centres returning in larger numbers, comparatively. Users were acquired mostly through web searches, collaborations with other agencies, and paid Facebook.com advertisements. Paid advertisements recruited 3792 visitors; however, retention, registrations, and on-site engagement from this source was low. This analysis shows that data consumption on AgInjuryNews.org is steadily growing. Similar self-hosted programs that provide data or digital resources to agricultural safety and health stakeholders should consider the integration of auditing and analytics tracking, including user registrations.