Ethics, Digital Rights Management, and Cyber Security

Cloud content hosting and redistribution is enabling convenient and easy access to online content thereby accelerating the adoption and penetration of internet in past two decades. The current Industry 4.0 revolution and adoption and acceleration efforts are leveraging cloud computing as a means to store, retrieve, and share data. This makes the internet a relatively vulnerable to content abuse and increase the demand of clear consent before data consumption and redistribution. The growth of cloud computing and management technologies is penetrating in the market, and digital rights management (DRM) practices are needed for better and ethically safe online space. This chapter talks about state-of-the-art DRM paradigms being proposed in the literature and critically discusses their technical performance, flexibility, and immutability challenges. This chapter will clarify internet governance implementation roadmap for Industry 4.0 revolution by critically analyzing the cloud technology stack and ethical features by advocating Cloud DRM.

Digital access rights management in the information systems of e-libraries and digital archives

The author reviews the basic types of digital document content protection from unauthorized access and dissemination applied by publishers and book trading companies. The principles of digital rights management (DRM) while accessing digital documents. The author suggests that DRM systems are efficient to be applied to certain types and formats of digital documents in libraries and archives. He also reviews several commercial solutions for DRM-systems plied to the most popular PDF-format and substantiates the importance of DRM-systems standardization for digital document friendliness both for the users and rights holders disseminating digital publications. Existing and newly introduced international standards for DRM-systems are discussed. The typology of digital rights protection software as provided for by the standards is presented along with regulated DRM-system features based on data coding. Readium project by international non-profit Readium Foundation exemplifies standard approach to DRM-system design. The project goal is to develop software modules to integrate standard DRM-technology into computer information systems including ALIS.

Designing, Realizing, Running, and Evaluating Virtual Museum – a Survey on Innovative Concepts and Technologies

This paper presents a survey of innovative concepts and technologies involved in virtual museums (ViM) that shows their advantages and disadvantages in comparison with physical museums. We describe important lessons learned during the creation of three major virtual museums between 2010 and 2020 with partners at universities from Armenia, Germany, and Chile. Based on their categories and features, we distinguish between content-, communication- and collaboration-centric museums with a special focus on learning and co-curation. We give an overview of a generative approach to ViMs using the ViMCOX metadata format, the curator software suite ViMEDEAS, and a comprehensive validation and verification management. Theoretical considerations include exhibition design and new room concepts, positioning objects in their context, artwork authenticity, digital instances and rights management, distributed items, private museum and universal access, immersion, and tour and interaction design for people of all ages. As a result, this survey identifies different approaches and advocates for stakeholders’ collaboration throughout the life cycle in determining the ViM's direction and evolution, its concepts, collection type, and the technologies used with their requirements and evaluation methods. The paper ends with a brief perspective on the use of artificial intelligence in ViMs.

Blockchain and Cloud to Overcome the Problems of Buyer and Seller Watermarking Protocols

Copyright protection of digital content has become a problem not only for web content providers but also for ordinary web users who like to publish their digital contents on social or user generated content platforms. Among the possible solutions to such a problem, digital watermarking, in conjunction with watermarking protocols, appears to be a valid alternative to current DRM (digital rights management) systems. In fact, watermarking based solutions insert perceptually invisible copyright information into the copies of contents published or distributed on the web in order to track them. Such insertions are carried out according to the watermarking protocols, which have evolved over the years from the classic “buyer and seller” paradigm into a simpler and versatile “buyer friendly” and “mediated” approach. However, such an approach cannot exploit the new technologies that characterize the current Internet. This paper presents a new watermarking protocol able to adapt the “buyer friendly” and “mediated” approach to the use of innovative technologies such as cloud platforms and blockchain. In this way, (1) content providers and common web users can take advantage of the computing and storage resources made available by cloud platforms; (2) the involvement of trusted third parties in the protocols can be reduced by using blockchain without complicating the protection scheme. In fact, these two goals make the protocol particularly suited for the current Internet.

Data Curation Implications of Qualitative Data Reuse and Big Social Research

Objective: Big social data (such as social media and blogs) and archived qualitative data (such as interview transcripts, field notebooks, and diaries) are similar, but their respective communities of practice are under-connected. This paper explores shared challenges in qualitative data reuse and big social research and identifies implications for data curation. Methods: This paper uses a broad literature search and inductive coding of 300 articles relating to qualitative data reuse and big social research. The literature review produces six key challenges relating to data use and reuse that are present in both qualitative data reuse and big social research—context, data quality, data comparability, informed consent, privacy & confidentiality, and intellectual property & data ownership. Results: This paper explores six key challenges related to data use and reuse for qualitative data and big social research and discusses their implications for data curation practices. Conclusions: Data curators can benefit from understanding these six key challenges and examining data curation implications. Data curation implications from these challenges include strategies for: providing clear documentation; linking and combining datasets; supporting trustworthy repositories; using and advocating for metadata standards; discussing alternative consent strategies with researchers and IRBs; understanding and supporting deidentification challenges; supporting restricted access for data; creating data use agreements; supporting rights management and data licensing; developing and supporting alternative archiving strategies. Considering these data curation implications will help data curators support sounder practices for both qualitative data reuse and big social research.

Blockchain and the Disintermediation of Music

The “Downtrodden Artist Stands Up to Big Bad Music Mogul” trope makes for a heartwarming plot line in movies and television, but how often does the artist prevail in real life? The music industry is plagued by issues with content management, rights management, and royalty distribution, yet legislative efforts such as the Music Modernization Act of 2018 fail to provide meaningful solutions because they continue to uphold the power structure in which the Big Bad intermediary thrives. As an alternative, this chapter argues for the disintermediation of the music industry, and consequent empowerment of the individual content creator, through the use of blockchain technology. It discusses the ways in which smart contracts, blockchain ledgers, and a global copyright database could help to support more efficient and secure payments to artists, track usage and sales data, and protect copyrights, all without the need for traditional intermediary roles. In effect, this chapter provides a technical yet comprehensive explanation of the ways in which—as well as the policy implications of—implementing decentralized blockchain technology can help maximize the value of music for creators, improve the music experience for consumers, and reduce friction, waste, and fraud in the music industry.

Features of Intellectual Property Rights Management as Part of the Business Strategy of the Company. Trademark Licensing

The owner’s property right of material objects like products, which are part of а company’s portfolio, usually transfers to another individual in the process of their commercialization and more specifically in their purchase and sale. Тhings are not the same when we talk about owner’s rights of Intellectual property. Due to the non-material form of the objects, which are part of the system of Intellectual property, for example trademark, owners can keep their property right of trademark although it is commercialized. This is possible through the opportunity for licensing. In short, the owners provide their right of Intellectual property to a third party under mutually agreed terms. In return, the third party makes different forms of payments. Do we know how to take the maximum of this opportunity and more specifically when we talk about trademark licensing which is a part of our business strategy? The purpose of this publication is to give answers to some fundamental questions.

A Robust Image Encrypted Watermarking Technique for Neurodegenerative Disorder Diagnosis and Its Applications

The use of Internet technology has led to the availability of different multimedia data in various formats. The unapproved customers misuse multimedia information by conveying them on various web objections to acquire cash deceptively without the first copyright holder’s intervention. Due to the rise in cases of COVID-19, lots of patient information are leaked without their knowledge, so an intelligent technique is required to protect the integrity of patient data by placing an invisible signal known as a watermark on the medical images. In this paper, a new method of watermarking is proposed on both standard and medical images. The paper addresses the use of digital rights management in medical field applications such as embedding the watermark in medical images related to neurodegenerative disorders, lung disorders, and heart issues. The various quality parameters are used to figure out the evaluation of the developed method. In addition, the testing of the watermarking scheme is done by applying various signal processing attacks.