The Analysis of Mangrove Area as a Marine Eco-Fisherytourism Area in Luwu Regency South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Marine eco-fisherytourism is an approach to balancing the existing natural environments and conservation efforts to managing mangrove resources and exploring mangrove areas based on the adapting of silvofishery system support successfully the sustainable forest production. This study investigated the sustainability and profitability of mangrove areas by growing and expanding marine eco-fisherytourism areas. An observational study, intensive individual assessment using role-specific questions to the community around the mangrove area, local government, non-governmental organizations, and community leaders; and High-Resolution Satellite Imagery from Bing Maps, Google Maps, and Aerial Drone Photography has been collected. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats (SWOT) analysis is suggested to determine how the productivity of mangrove forests development contributes to marine eco-fisherytourism. This analysis shows that the internal factors analysis strategy (IFAS) is approximately 1,09 while the external factors analysis strategy (EFAS) slightly drops to -1,38. Diversification strategy indicates innovation gains across internal factors to reduce external factors. Integrating mangrove forest areas like cultivation, silvofishery, ecotourism areas; involving local communities, community leaders, and stakeholders in planning, implementation, evaluation, and conservation for the development ecotourism; supporting infrastructure mangrove ecotourism visitors, and together with the community in conducting innovation/diversification of management based on the utilization and conservation of mangrove resources.

Resource status and protection strategies of mangroves in China

Mangrove is a typical natural landscape with great ecological, social and economic functions and values, and should be highly valued and protected. However, in the past few decades, mangrove resources have suffered serious damage, and there are also many deficiencies in mangrove protection. Chinese mangroves, as an important part of the global mangroves, are of great research value. In the present study, the status and historical dynamic process of Chinese mangrove resources were investigated and discussed to illustrate the problems of resources from three aspects, including mangrove distribution, area and plant species. Based on field research, literature research and data analysis, it was revealed that Chinese mangroves are distributed in eight provinces and regions along the southeast coast with an area of 35,749.25 hm2, 38 species and 40 nature reserves. The protection situation and deficiencies were analyzed from the establishment and management of nature reserves. Based on the resource status and problems, reasonable strategies were proposed to protect and manage mangroves mainly from four aspects, including publicity and education, resources restoration and protection technology, legal system establishment, and comprehensive protection and management.

VALUASI EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA TERUMBU KARANG DAN MANGROVE DI KAWASAN TAMAN WISATA PERAIRAN (TWP) GILI MATRA, LOMBOK UTARA, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

Taman Wisata Perairan Gili Matra merupakan kawasan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan kualitas ekologi yang sangat besar. TWP Gili Matra juga digunakan sebagai sumber penghidupan bagi masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai ekonomi total ekosistem terumbu karang dan mangrove di TWP Gili Matra menggunakan metode TEV (Total Economic Value) yang terdiri dari analisis nilai guna langsung menggunakan metode effect on production (EoP) dan travel cost method (TCM), nilai guna tidak langsung menggunakan metode replacement cost dan contingent valuation method (CVM), nilai pilihan menggunakan benefit transfer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai kegunaan langsung yang meliputi nilai kegunaan sebagai perikanan tangkap sebesar Rp151.130.418/ ha/tahun, nilai kegunaan sebagai penyedia jasa wisata sebesar Rp1.102.165.479/tahun. Nilai kegunaan tidak langsung meliputi nilai kegunaan sebagai pelindung pantai sebesar Rp9.569.065.000/tahun, nilai kegunaan sebagai serapan karbon sebesar Rp150.378,54/tahun serta sebagai nilai kegunaan sosial budaya sebesar Rp4.460.856.979/tahun. Selanjutnya sebagai nilai pilihan untuk penyedia keanekaragaman hayati yaitu untuk ekosistem mangrove sebesar Rp3.043.593.225/tahun serta terumbu karang sebesar Rp10.821.883.500/tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai ekonomi tersebut mempunyai manfaat dan fungsi yang penting sebagai sumberdaya ekonomi maupun ekologi bagi masyarakat maupun pemerintah. Oleh karena itu keberadaan TWP Gili Matra harus tetap dipelihara sebagai aset pembangunan wilayah. Pengendalian dan pengawasan dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya terumbu karang dan mangrove dapat dilakukan secara terpadu antara pemerintah, masyarakat dan sektor swasta agar ketersediaan sumberdaya terumbu karang dan mangrove di TWP Gili Matra tetap terjaga. Title: Economic Valuation of Coral Reef and Mangrove Resources in The Gili Matra Marine Tourism Park Area, Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara BaratGili matra tourism park (TWP Gili Matra) is an area with a high value and quality in both ecological and economical. TWP Gili Matra also contributes to living source for local community. This research aims to identify utilization of coral reef and mangrove ecosystem in TWP Gili Matra by using Total Economic Value (TEV) method that consists of direct utilization value analysis using Effect on Production (EoP) method and Travel Cost Method (TCM), while indirect utilization value using Replacement Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), option value analysis using Benefit Transfer method. The results showed that the direct use value including the use value as a capture fishery of IDR 151,130,418/ ha/year, the use value as a tourist service provider of IDR 1,102,165,479/year. Indirect use value including the use value as a coastal protector of IDR 9.569.065.000/year, the use value as carbon uptake of IDR150,378,54/year and the use value as social cultural value of IDR 4,460,856,979/year. Furthermore as selected value for natural biodiversity provider namely for mangrove ecosystem of IDR 3,043,593,225/year and coral reef of IDR 10,821,883,500/year. This result showed that the economic value gives important benefits and functions as economic and ecological resources for society and government. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the existence of TWP Gili Matra as an asset of regional development. Integrated control and monitoring among government, community and private sector in its utilization will ensure the availability of coral reef and mangrove resources in TWP Gili Matra.

Potential Impact of Fish Smoking on Mangrove Resources in Southwest Cameroon

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the sustainable management of mangrove forests in Cameroon through assessing the impact of fish smoking activities on mangrove resources. Mangrove wood is harvested by local communities for many purposes, but most notably as fuel for fish smoking. Population growth has greatly increased the pressure on these resources in recent years. Our study focused on fish smoking activities in Ndian and Fako, in the southwest region of Cameroon. Through structured and semistructured questionnaires, 243 fish smokers were interviewed in 9 local markets. Our study found that all the fish smokers were women from Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria, and Benin. Ninety-three percent of our respondents purchase the wood they use, which is mainly red mangrove ( Rhizophora racemosa). The quantity of wood consumed is governed not only by the amount of fish requiring smoking but also by the type of oven used. Per fish smoking session, a traditional oven takes 53 hr to smoke 528 kg of fish and consume 1,205 kg of wood at a cost of 50€. A modern cinderblock oven, on the other hand, requires only 5 hr to smoke 160 kg of fish and consumes 122 kg of wood at a cost of 10€. Cinderblock ovens are preferable both ecologically and economically and could be one of multiple solutions for the sustainable management of mangrove wood resources. However, interventions are necessary in order for fish smokers to become aware of the benefits of these improved cinderblock ovens.

INOVASI MINUMAN DAN PANGANAN BERBAHAN BAKU BIDARA LAUT (XIMENIA AMERICANA) DAN MANGROVE DARI PESISIR KOTA BATAM

Bidara Laut Plant, Ximenia americana L., is one of coastal vegetation that potentials to be expanded as various healthy drink innovative products and gives a promises to be expanded in the future due to its health benefits and has never been produced. The activity was conducted at Sarang and Mecan Islands, Sekanak Raya sub-district, Belakang Padang district, Batam, in companion with Sarang and Mecan “Kompang” Conservation group. The Activity was started from May up to October 2018. Implementation methods were counseling, training and production practices, demonstration plots, strengthening management and business development through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This activity has succeeded in improving partner communities’ skills in making processed beverages and meals made of Bidara Laut and mangroves fruits. It was a new knowledge for the community in sustainable usage and environmental conservation, especially mangrove resources. Processed innovations types which produced were Bidara Syrup, Bidara Pudot, Bidara Fresh Drinks, Jeruju Stick, Jeruju Layer Cakes, and Komojo Sponge cake, which all these processed mangrove and Bidara products have own exclusivity and beneficial to health. For their sustainability guarantee, mangrove seedling and Bidar Laut X. americana farming were created together with partner community.

Perubahan Luasan Mangrove Pesisir Timur Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Menggunakan Citra Satelit ASTER

Mangrove resources provide economic and ecological value. The expansion of residential areas makes the level of need for shelter as well as the region increases. This will have an impact on the utilization of mangrove in sufficient needs such as firewood, charcoal and building materials. If continue berlasngsung then do not deny the existence of mangrove degradation. The occurrence of mangrove degradation will have a direct impact on the local community. Considering the importance of mangrove function and the need for data of mangrove area change, it is needed to analyze the change of mangrove area in coastal of Bangka Tengah, which will be analyzed within 15 years in 2002 and 2017, so that the result of this study is expected to be further management by local government to conserve mangrove forests. This research was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 with location station determination based on unsupervised image classification, that is classification based on digital number using RGB_231 image composite for ASTER image. Based on the results of the study, there is a change of mangrove area from 2002-2014 as much as 176.3 Ha or about 15.95% and in 2014-2017 there is an increase of 36.23 Ha or about 3.9%. The value of NDVI analys in East Coast of Central Bangka Regency in 2017 ranges from 0.005 to 0.156. the occurrence of the reduction of mangrove area due to the changing function of mangrove land into settlement, mangrove logging in the utilization of charcoal and mining industry. The addition of the extent of the addition of seedlings along the coast of Kurau and Penyak.