Proteome Profile of Muscle Tissue of Indian Walking Catfish, Clarias Magur Exposed to Abiotic Temperature Stress

The study of expression of proteins in organisms on exposure to various environmental challenges gives clues for understanding on how these challenges affects and copes with the biological system. A study was undertaken to understand the proteome profile of Clarias magur, exposed to abiotic stress of water temperature, to find how fishes evolve adaptive strategies towards stress induced by unforeseen vagaries of climate change. Specimens of Clarias magur were exposed to high temperature sub-lethal water stress of 37°C for 60 days and the muscle proteome profiling was analysed through Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectroscopy for qualitative differential profiling . The study provides an understanding of different proteins expressed as adaptative challenge to the environment. This is the first study to see proteome expression in Clarias magur through Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectroscopy

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Investigation of Heterogeneous Biofilms: A Review

Biofilm represents a major public health concern. It is a highly structured and heterogeneous microbial population that is well protected by a hydrated extracellular matrix. In most cases, the difficulties in combating a wide spectrum of biofilm-associated diseases are due to the presence of dormant cells and differential molecular expression. Proteomics is the large-scale and systematic study of cellular proteome expression at any given time by mass spectrometry. It allows high-sensitivity and high-specificity identification of differentially expressed proteins in the biofilms. Over the past few decades, multiple lines of proteomic works have successfully elucidated various aspects of the biofilm including developmental stages, antimicrobial resistance, and survival mechanisms. However, the heterogeneity of biofilms may contribute to inconsistent proteome expression throughout a proteomic experiment. This is due to the fact that the mature biofilm is often associated with the mixture between monolayer and multilayer biofilms, thick microbial population, and chemical gradient of nutrients. This review highlights the biofilm heterogeneities, the principle of mass spectrometry in proteomics, and the possible strategies for quantitative proteomic analysis of heterogeneous biofilms. It is suggested that isolation of monolayer biofilm, laser capture microdissection, flow cytometry, and subtractive proteome profiling may be considered for an accurate and reliable quantitative proteomics experiment.

Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides Insights into Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Leaves of Red-Leaved Poplars

The red-leaved poplar cultivars ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’ are bud mutations of Populus deltoides cv. ‘Zhonglin 2025’. These cultivars are valued for their beautiful shape, lack of flying catkins, and ornamental leaf colors. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars is still unclear. Here, we profiled the changes of pigment content, transcriptome and proteome expression in the leaves of three poplar cultivars and the results showed that the ratios of anthocyanin to total chlorophyll in both red-leaved poplars were higher than that in ‘Zhonglin 2025’, indicating that the anthocyanin was highly accumulated in the leaves of red-leaved poplars. Based on the results of integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis, 15 and 11 differentially expressed genes/proteins involved in anthocyanin synthesis were screened in ‘Quanhong’ and ‘Xuanhong’, respectively, including the CHS, F3H, and DFR genes. Among the 120 transcription factors, 3 (HY5, HYH, and TTG2), may be directly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in both red-leaved poplars. This study screens the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars and lays a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf red coloration in red-leaved poplars.

Nanovaccine impact on dendritic cells: transcriptome analysis enables new insights into antigen and adjuvant effects

Aim: For vaccines the combination between an antigen and adjuvants are both crucially important to trigger an effective immune response in dendritic cells. Innovative adjuvants like resiquimod or muramyldipeptide have their target protein inside the cell. Materials & methods: Up/downregulation and proteome expression was investigated for the adjuvant combination resiquimod and muramyldipeptide in a soluble form versus encapsulated into a nanocarrier. Results: We found that 1225 genes were upregulated after nanocarrier treatment while 478 genes were downregulated. Most prominent were interferon-stimulated genes with more than 25-times higher expression after nanocarrier treatment, for example RSAD2 and ISG15, which were recently found to have antiviral or antitumor effects. Conclusion: Encapsulation gives a more effective upregulation of vaccine-related genes.