Structural organization of periodontium and morphological changes in its components in modeled periodontitis and its correction in rats

Introduction. The aim of our research was to study peculiar features of morphological changes in the components of the periodontium in the modeled acute periodontitis and its correction by stem cells. Materials and Methods. The results of histological study of periodontal tissues of the animals with acute experimental periodontitis, which was corrected using human mesenchymal stem cells as well as rat muscle stem cells, were analysed. Depending on the treatment, the animals were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group – the animals without pathology (intact); the 2nd – the animals with modeled acute periodontitis; the 3rd – the animals with periodontitis corrected by human mesenchymal stem cells, the 4th – the animals with periodontitis corrected using rat muscle stem cells. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the research it was established that correction by human mesenchymal stem cells and rats muscular stem cells had positive effect on a course of the modeled pathological process. The morphological changes characteristic of periodontitis gradually reduced, i.e. the normal blood supply to the tissues restored, the arteries were less full-blooded, the tone of their walls decreased. Consequently, the swelling of the tissues gradually decreased becoming of original size. The polymorphonuclear infiltration fields decreased and gradually disappeared. Osteoblasts promoted restoration of the bone structure of the jaw alveolar process. The size of the periodontal pocket decreased, and in some areas it fully closed as a result of complete adhesion of the mucous membrane of the gums to the tooth, which rose on its surface upwards. Conclusions. In the experimental modeling of acute periodontitis the destructive changes in the epithelium and connective tissue stroma, impaired blood flow, inflammatory response in the gum tissue were present. The correction by means of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as rat muscle stem cells had positive effect on the modeled pathological process: the morphological changes characteristic of periodontitis gradually reduced, normal blood supply to tissues restored, polymorphonuclear infiltration fields gradually decreased and disappeared. The bone structure of the jaw alveolar process restored owing to osteoblasts. The size of the periodontal pocket decreased; in some cases, they closed completely as a result of complete adhesion of the mucous membrane of the gums to the tooth, which rose on its surface upwards.

Epidemiology of periodontal diseases among the adult population in the city of Ufa

The article presents the results of an epidemiological study of the prevalence and intensity of inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) in the northern and southern parts of Ufa, as well as the need for complex periodontal treatment. The number of visits by primary persons for periodontal care in the NW is 2.1 times less than in the SW. The rank values of common risk factors for the development of IPD have been identified. When assessing the KPI index, the risk to this pathology and its difference in different parts of Ufa, taking into account the nosological form and gender, were identified. With acute gingivitis, men living in NW and SW were statistically equally treated to a periodontist, while women living in NW were 1.8 times more. With acute periodontitis in the NW, men visit a periodontist 1.9 times more than in the SW, and women, on the contrary, in the SW are 1.2 times more likely to visit than in the NW. With chronic forms of IPD, the differences in treatment among men and women were not statistically significant and did not depend on the area of residence.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and A-PRF Pre-Treated Implants in Severe Periodontitis: A Case Report

Implantation is currently the best option for tooth replacement in periodontitis. Some major contraindications for the immediate implant are acute periodontitis and active infection. We present the case of a 51-year-old female patient with the highest grade and stage periodontitis treated with advanced platelet-rich fibrin-enriched zirconia implants and with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). In particular, HBOT before and after implantation promoted bone regeneration and implant integration, also providing an antiseptic effect. After six months, the implants were well established and fully healed from periodontal disease within 14 months. Further research could confirm a new indication for HBOT in treating periodontitis and dental implantation.

Inhibitory Effect of Nepeta deflersiana on Climax Bacterial Community Isolated from the Oral Plaque of Patients with Periodontal Disease

Background: The red-complex bacteria are one of the most significant complexes found simultaneously in subgingival plaque next to the periodontal pocket. The current antibacterial treatment is not adequate, and multidrug resistance to it is developing. Henceforth, the antibacterial effect of the ethanolic extract of Nepeta deflersiana was put to test against red-complex bacteria in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Well diffusion and micro broth dilution procedure by Alamar blue were applied to assess the zone of inhibition (ZOI), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Anti-virulence efficacies of the plant extract that comprise of adherence and formation of biofilms were examined by the process of adherence and biofilm production assay. Results: The crude extract of Nepeta deflersiana exhibited significant inhibitory outcome against periodontopathic bacteria with noteworthy MIC (0.78–3.12 mg/mL), inhibitory zone (12–20 mm), as well as MBC (3.12–12.50 mg/mL). The N. deflersiana extract inhibited bacterial adhesion ranging from 41% to 52%, 53% to 66%, and 60% to 79% at the given MIC × 0.5, MIC × 1, and MIC × 2 in succession. Substantial suppression was also developed in the biofilm production of the investigated periodontopathic strains following exposure to numerous concentrations of N. deflersianan extract for a period of 24 and 48 h. Conclusion: These outcomes divulge a new concept that N. deflersiana extract can be utilized to manufacture valuable antibacterial compounds to treat chronic and acute periodontitis. This identifies N. deflersiana as an essential natural source for future drug development.

A Comparative Study of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Acute and Chronic Periodontitis

BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of gum which surrounds and supports the teeth. Globally, periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. Unhealthy periodontium has been connected to systemic conditions like pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Periodontal disease affects individuals of all ages, but it is most commonly seen in elderly patients. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 65 % of people have respiratory problems due to periodontal disease. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is defined as the maximum rate and speed of expiration of an individual. We wanted to determine and compare PEFR in acute and chronic periodontitis. METHODS The present case control study was carried out among patients in the 20 - 40 years age group, who were attending outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Study participants were grouped into three categories as ‘normal individuals’, ‘patients with acute periodontitis’ and ‘patients with chronic periodontitis’; each group had 20 people. Spirometer was used to detect the peak expiratory flow rate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS Results were obtained and expressed as mean ± SD. The Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test was used. Significance value is < 0.05. PEFRs are 420 ± 21.37 and 317 ± 21.05 in control and periodontitis individuals, respectively. P values for these criteria were < 0.05. Males have a high PEFR when compared to females in normal individuals group. This difference was statistically not significant. Females have a high PEFR when compared to males in patients with acute periodontitis. This difference was statistically not significant. Males have a high PEFR when compared to females with chronic periodontitis. When compared within and between groups, it was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis could be a key source of respiratory disorders. This study shows that acute periodontitis expiratory flow rate was greater than chronic periodontitis expiratory flow rate. Proper maintenance of oral health and early detection of periodontitis may aid in reducing the frequency of respiratory problems due to periodontitis. KEY WORDS Acute Periodontitis, Chronic Periodontitis, Peak Flow Meter, Respiratory Disease

PREMORBIDITY IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA IN CHILDREN

Current state-of-the-art technologies facilitate studying the role of internal and external factors at a higher organ-specific level, and the broad and systematic provision of treatment and prevention care for child population of all age groups differs favorably from the routine visit to a doctor, if necessary. Apparently, the above methodological approach enables establishing different responses of the body to damaging factors in each case. Methods and Material. 537 case histories of children with acute purulent odontogenic and neodontogenic inflammation of the maxillofacial area have been thoroughly studied. Only medical histories of in-patients have been selected. Results and Discussion. The analysis of premorbid state of 240 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis has shown that the onset of the diseases was triggered by the experienced ARVI in 89 patients (37%) and in 37 cases (15%) inflammation of the lymph nodes coincided with manifestations of acute pathology of the ENT organs; in 34 (14%) cases it was combined with acute inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system, in 23 (10%) cases with disorder of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in 13 (6%) cases it was provoked by acute periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis in temporary and permanent molars of the mandible. Concomitant chronic somatic diseases were detected in 122 patients (51%). They most often occurred in toddlers, preschoolers and school-aged children and related, in most cases, to the respiratory tract and ENT organs. Precursors of adenophlegmon in 150 patients were ARVI (45 children (30%)); acute inflammation and exacerbation of chronic ENT processes (21 children (14%)); pathological changes in the bronchopulmonary system (19 children (13%)); gastrointestinal disorders (15 children (10%)); acute periodontitis and exacerbation of chronic periodontitis in temporary molars (20 children (13%)), permanent molars (6 (4%)); acute inflammation of the oral mucosa (5 children (3%)); pyoderma (4 children (3%)). In 15 children (10%) the provoking factor for the development of adenophlegmon failed to be established. Concomitant chronic somatic pathology was diagnosed in 100 children out of 150 (66.7%), and combination of two chronic diseases was found in 6 children (6%). Most often, the chronic course of somatic pathology was established in preschoolers, less frequently in toddlers and school-aged children, and infrequently during breastfeeding. In acute odontogenic osteomyelitis, the source of infection was temporary molars in all toddlers and preschoolers, as well as in 12 school-aged children (18%). In total, the onset of osteomyelitis was triggered by temporary teeth in 67 cases (46%). Notably, 35 cases (52%) were related to the first molar and 32 (48%) cases to the second molar. Complicated dental caries in permanent second premolars caused osteomyelitis in 2 (14%) adult children only. Permanent molars caused the development of purulent process in 78 cases (53%). The analysis of the premorbid state has revealed that the onset of osteomyelitis was preceded by: ARVI (42 children (29%)); general hypothermia (37 (25%)), inflammation of the ENT organs (21 children (14%)) and bronchopulmonary system (15 (10 %)); exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal diseases (8 children (5%)) and in 24 children (16%) a provoking factor failed to be established. Concomitant chronic diseases of organs and systems were found in 90 children (61.2%) out of 147 with acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the mandible. The combination of their two nosological forms was noted in 3 children (3%). In conclusion, the establishment of certain adverse factors, or the presence of somatic diseases in children necessitates the formation of a risk group, especially when it comes to the existence of odontogenic foci of inflammation. Timely establishment of factors that can be influenced enables control over them through preventive measures, including routine dental check-ups.

Changes in the characteristics of dental emergencies under the influence of SARS-CoV-2 ： A retrospective study

Background To master the distribution and changing characteristics of dental diseases is of great significance for the dental emergency center in order to strengthen the treatment abilities of medical staff and the effective use of emergency resources in the face of public health emergencies of highly infectious respiratory diseases. Methods The medical records of 4158 cases of dental emergency patients from 2019 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed,with patients being divided into the pre-SARS-COV-2 group and the during SARS-COV-2 group according to the date of their admittance to the dental emergency center.The dental emergency patients demographicsn data,day and time,diagnoses,treatment approaches were compared before and during the SARS-COV-2. Results During the SARS-COV-2,the number of dental emergency visits increased by 29.7% compared with those before the SARS-COV-2.The peak of the number of patients at weekends and at night is not obvious compared with the pre-SARS-COV-2 group.Duing the SARS-COV-2 Male(n=286,58.1%) were more likely than female(n=206,41.9%) to visit the dental emergency center for trauma P<0.05,female(n=242,60.8%) were more likely than male(n=156,39.2%) to visit the dental emergency center for Acute gingivitis and Acute pericoronitis P<0.05.A major diagnoses change is Acute Pulpitis (K04.0) and Acute apical periodontitis (K04.4) increased by 9.2%,Acute gingivitis (K05.0) and Acute pericoronitis(K05.2) increased by 3.5%,Open wound of lip and oral cavity (S01.5)fell 17.9%,others (non-emergency diseases) increased by 6.8%,compare with the pre-SARS-COV-2.Among the treatment methods,during the pre-SARS-COV-2,304（17.7%）received a prescription for Antibiotics and Analgesics,1485(86.5%) received a prescription for local treatment.During the SARS-COV-2,958（39.2%）received a prescription for Antibiotics and Analgesics,1636(67.0%) received a prescription for local treatment. Conclusion SARS-COV-2 led to changes in the characteristics of dental emergency patients.Trauma,Acute Pulpitis,Acute periodontitis Acute periodontitis are the leading reason why patients go to the dental emergency.The dental emergency center should optimize the treatment procedures,optimize the staffing and reasonably allocate materials according to the changes,to improve the on-site treatment capacity and provide adequate dental emergency care. .

Pharmacological correction of periodontitis using synthetic analogues of indolicidin

Introduction: The leading role of pathogenic microorganisms in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is beyond doubt. However, the use of antibiotics for periodontitis is associated with a number of problems. Indolicidins have a unique anti-microbial effect. The relevance of the search for new drugs for the treatment of acute periodontitis based on the natural indolicidin peptide becomes obvious. Materials and methods: The investigation was performed on 320 Wistar male rats, using synthetic analogues of natural indolicidin: No. 7 and No. 8, which were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 500 µg/kg in a volume of 0.2 ml once a day for 7 days. Periodontitis was simulated in animals according to the method proposed by Volozhin A.I. and Vinogradova S.I. Results and discussion: The correcting effect of indolicidin analogues on the periodontitis course, was manifested by a decrease in edema and in the relative area of cell infiltrates, a significant increase in the relative area of normal tissue, and a correction of the periodontal composition. The use of indolicidin analogues led to an increase in the functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages, acute phase proteins concentration, a correction of pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance and production of vasoactive substances. The effect of indolicidin analogues was higher than that of lincomycin. The greater effectiveness of peptide No.8 compared to that of No.7 was established. Conclusion: The investigation opens up the prospects of the synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs on the basis of the synthetic analogues of indolicidin.

The influence of indolicidin analogues on the content of the connective tissue matrix of periodontium in the acute periodontitis

Affliation. Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Kursk state medical university» Ministry of healthcare Russian Federation.Our aim is the relevance of the research topic is conditioned by the wide spreading of the periodontitis among effcient population. The purpose of investigation – the research of the influence of indolicidin analogues N7 and N8 on the content of connective tissue matrix and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the periodontium in the periodontitis. Methods: periodontitis was simulated according to the method supposed by Volozhin A.I. and Vinogradova S.I. (1990). The animals were withdrawal from the experiment in the 7, 14 and 21 days after the removal of the thread. The content of oxyproline, glycosaminoglycans malonic aldehyde, acylhydroperoxides, catalase activity were determined in the periodontium tissue. Indolicidin analogues N7 and N8 were injected intraperitoneally within 7 days after the removal of the thread.Results. the increase of the concentration of lipid peroxidation metabolites, the decrease of the content of free and bound oxyproline, glycosaminoglycans, catalase activity. Both indolicidin analogues had two-phase influence on the concentration of malonic aldehyde and acylhydroperoxides: the increase on the 7 day and the decrease on the 21 one; increased the concentration of free and bound oxyproline, glycosaminoglycans.Summary. Periodontitis development is accompanied by the decrease of the content of free and bound oxyproline, glycosaminoglycans, lipid peroxidation activation, the drop of catalase activity in the periodontium tissue. The investigated indolicidin analogues had two-phase action on the content of the lipid peroxidation metabolites in the periodontium: the increase on the 7 day and the decrease on the 21 one; increased the concentration of free and bound oxyproline, glycosaminoglycans, stimulated the catalase activity.