Research progress of wearable electric heating elements

The research progress of electric heating elements is summarized in terms of heating element type and thermal performance evaluation. Their shortcomings are summarized, and the development trend is pointed out to provide help and direction guidance for the research of electric heating element.

A review of flexible electric heating element and electric heating garments

Electric heating garment can improve the thermal comfort for people living and working in cold environment. Compared with passive heating materials, electrical heating shows dominant advantages on reusability, controlled temperature, safety and so on. This review article systematically introduced the material preparation, electric-thermal properties, advantages and disadvantages of the existing flexible heating elements, and elaborated the research and application progress of smart garments in detail, providing reference for the research of flexible heating elements and smart garments. And the existing challenges and the possible future perspectives were also discussed.

Pengembangan Alat Kempa Panas (Hot Press) Penekanan Dongkrak Hidrolik untuk Pembuatan Papan Komposit ukuran 25 cm x 25 cm

Human needs with wood continue to increase along with the increasing population, on the other hand Indonesia has a very large supply of wood. One way to overcome this is by substituting the use of wood from composite board products from wood or non-wood waste materials such as sawdust, coconut fiber, OPEFB fiber, bamboo fiber, bagasse and others. Composite board manufacturing technology is strongly influenced by the temperature, time and pressure contained in the hot press, either the system works manually or mechanically. The use of a hot press machine has so far been simple using an electric heating element from an iron element. For a n area of 40 cm x 40 cm board molding required 2 iron elements, the heat generated is not optimal (up to 1200 C), to heat the board to 1500 C the heating element often breaks / burns, this is certainly less efficient. Stripe heater type electric heating element is a flat plate heating element (Hot Plate) which can be used to heat a flat surface on pressing lignocellulosic material. The purpose of this research is to engineer and design and manufacture small scale heat press for 40 cm x 40 cm mold size, to test hot press and to test the physical and mechanical properties of composite boards. From the results of the manufacture of hot pressing tools obtained tool size 100 cm x 60 cm using iron profile u size 12 cm x 6 cm x 6 cm with a thickness of 0.4 cm. The pressure unit consists of a base plate measuring 40 cm x 40 cm x 1.5 cm, a pressure plate measuring 40 cm x 40 cm x 0.8 cm, a heating element measuring 40 cm x 40 cm x 0.5 cm using a power of 1.5 Kw each one. The suppressor component uses a hydraulic jack with a pressure of 50 tons. The heating element circuit is contained in the electrical panel box consisting of MCB, sign lights, thermocouple, amperemeter, and electrical wires. From the results of the heat test on the surface of the pressure plate obtained heat spread evenly on the entire surface of the plate and the pressure applied to the pressure plate is able to withstand the pressure from the hydraulic jack with a flat surface shape.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF FIRE HAZARD OF PINE NEEDLES IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

Introduction. The fire hazard analysis of young pine stands was carried out. There are listed the most common sources of ignition as factors of influence on the occurrence of a fire. There is described the examples of studies on solid combustible materials` ignition, particularly, forest litter. The device developed is proposed for studying the process of forest fuels combustion. The aim of the work is determine the time to ignition of pine needles, as well as the forest litter in young pine stands by using a Device for the study of flammable material combustion using an electric heating element. Material statement. Laboratory studies have been done to ignite three types of needles of young pine plantations: fresh, inherent in the composition of forest underlay and dried needles. There was conducted an experimental studies of the time interval to the ignition of pine stands forest litter in the field condition with the use of the proposed device. Scientific novelty. It for the first time was established that the time interval before ignition of freshly cut needles exceeds by almost 4 times the meaning of this value in comparison with the dried needles. It was established that the value of the time to ignition of pine needles fallen in the forest litter, obtained from the results of field studies, with a slight deviation of its moisture, is almost the same with the values obtained in laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the forest litter in pine stands is fire-hazardous and can deal with a frequency close to ½ of a source with a temperature of 450°C, on average 25,7 seconds. There has been substantiated the expediency of using the device for the study of flammable material combustion using an electric heating element for investigating indicators of forest combustible materials` fire hazard.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA SISTEM DISTRIBUSI PANAS PADA VARIASI RUANG MESIN PENGERING IKAN

The purpose of this research is to know the heat distribution system in three types of fish dryers. The variations of the dryer room were fire-tube type, fire-tube type with bevel, and air-tube type. This study was conducted by simulating airflow and heat transfer that occurred in each dryer room variation by using CFD software. In the simulation, the dryer was heated using an electric heating element with a temperature of 80 °C and the results display hot air flow moving in the drying chamber. In the fire-tube type dryer room obtained average temperature of 46.74OC. In the fire-tube type dryer room with the bevel obtained an average temperature of 44.40OC. While the type of air-tube shows average temperature results of 34.31OC. From the simulation, we known that the fire-tube type has the best heat distribution system.

Termovision and electricity capacitance measurements as a evaluation of a helicopter rotor’s blades delamination

The article presents essential elements reached during investigations of heat section of rotor blades which have been done in AFIT. The investigations were related to a valuation of helicopter’s rotor blades delamination. They used a method of thermal field measurement as well as a electricity capacitance between an airframe and a heat element of the installation. A suggestion of such measurements appeared during the disassembly of rotor blade heat sections when some local unglue of heat element’s tape from the structure of blade’s heating pack has seen. Spots nearby separation of adhesive are a potential area of a local temperature increase, both the electric heating element and the mechanical structure of the blade. This is especially dangerous for composite structures. Overheated composite structures characterized by reduced flexibility and becomes prone to cracking. Therefore, the possibility of non-invasive monitoring adhesive spots, without removing the blades would be particularly useful.

Electric Film Based on the Design of the New Electrothermal Furnace

New semiconductor electric film has many advantages, such as the uniform film surface, long life, no inductance, high thermal efficiency, etc. Especially its wide voltage range, AC and DC characteristics of efficient use of available,can be direct coupling with solar, wind and other energy.Thereby reducing the use of sustainable energys cost here.In this paper, we design a new type of energy-saving electrothermal furnace which take a semiconductor electric film as the electric heating element,and well try to explore the application of this new type of electric materials.