COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN SUPPORTING EXPORTING ENTERPRISES DURING THE PANDEMIC

The restrictions associated with the coronavirus pandemic have severely hampered the functioning of businesses and caused their key performance indicators to deteriorate. Small and medium-sized exporting enterprises (SME-exporters) have been the most vulnerable to the effects of such restrictions. Various support programs have been developed and introduced in different countries to protect such enterprises, and Russia is no exception in this sense. The current period predetermines the necessity of analysis and evaluation of anti-crisis measures and effectiveness of SME-exporters support programs implemented by different countries, as well as identification of best international practices that can be used to improve and optimize Russian support programs. The purpose of this study is conducting a comparative analysis of SME-exporter support programs during the pandemic and identifying possible ways to improve Russian SME-exporter support programs based on international experience. This study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis of the key performance indicators of exporting enterprises, the degree of impact of state support measures on the above indicators and the level of effectiveness of these support measures. The study was conducted using the data from the Russian Export Center and its regional offices, authorities authorized to develop and implement measures to support SME-exporters, as well as foreign counterparts of the above-mentioned organizations. This study analyzed the Russian and world experience in supporting SME-exporters during the pandemic and proposed ways to improve the Russian program to support these enterprises.

The phenomenon of giftnedness in the field of youth entrepreneurship

Youth entrepreneurship can become one of the driving locomotives in the development of the Russian economy. The empirical investigation aimed at eliciting youth potential and feasibility of promoting their giftedness in the entrepreneurial sphere. 220 students and postgraduates of 13 universities, located in 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, participated in it. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire during the all-Russian program for the development of the youth project environment “Innograd — 2019: my start”. Content-analysis and descriptive statistics methods were used for data processing. The phenomenon of giftedness to entrepreneurial activity, based on a set of interconnected psychic determinants, including creativity, intrinsic motivation, perseverance in achieving goals, leadership and organizational skills, non-conformism, may be discussed only in exceptional cases (about 1 %). Meanwhile, modern youth has the potential to start a business and connects their professional future with it. Youth entrepreneurship is a multi-motivated activity. External positive and external negative, internal motives are combined into a single structure. It is internal motives, prompted by the needs for self-realization and independence that determine entrepreneurial giftedness. Modern young people consider the main barriers to launching their own business to be outside. To these they refer deficiency of start-up capital, lack of knowledge and adverse environmental factors. Supportive measures, provided by the state through the creation of appropriate infrastructure, eliminate the majority of the difficulties and reduce the risks in setting up own businesses. For young people, gifted in the business field, these barriers are conditional.

About Technology-Based “Sociology” Software for Knowledge Development

To analyze data sets, sociologists use various methods of mathematical and statistical data processing, which allows comprehensive analysis of the collected social information. A specialized software application is used in sociology. However, there are not many tools for carrying out a sociological research through all its stages. Sociologists often use different software or several software products. However, these programs are quite complex, and therefore their application is possible with special knowledge after a thorough study of the software product or with the involvement of the relevant specialists. Analysis of the possibilities of various programs for creating and processing sociological data shows that their choice is made by researchers on the basis of the ease of learning the program, the convenience of data management, the speed of computation, and graphic capabilities. In 2014, Belashov developed the Russian program for the input and processing of sociological research data “Sociology,” which allows for complete automation of the process of creating sociological data.

Russian policy on assistance to the resettlement of compatriots against the background of international experience

The article is devoted to the assessment of the conceptual framework and results of the implementation of the State Program of assistance to voluntary resettlement to the Russian Federation of compatriots living abroad in the context of international practice. Programs aimed at returning compatriots are practiced by a number of states wishing to attract ethnically and culturally related migrants or restore historical justice in relation to certain ethno-confessional groups. Typically, they exist along with other immigration programs, providing repatriates with almost unfettered admission to the country. Since 2006, the only program in this field in Russia is the State Program of assistance to voluntary resettlement of compatriots. The originally formulated principles place it in a special position when compared with other repatriation programs. Based on the evaluation of the experience of the Russian program and international experience in the establishment and application of ethnic repatriation programs, it was concluded that in some cases the additional requirements for compatriots are hardly compatible with the main humanitarian task of a repatriation program, which affects its final effectiveness.

THE POSSIBILITY OF GENERALIZED PROTEST AND SOCIAL EXPLOSION IN THE YEARS OF MAXIMUM SOLAR ACTIVITY

The article has been devoted to the analysis and substantiation of the possibility of using the regularities of behavior of society and its individuals during the solar cycle, discovered by A. L. Chizhevsky, in the planning and implementation of social management. It has been proposed to exclude the negative development of events in our country during the 25th solar cycle to use the potential of the protest activity of society for the creation and development of the country, deploying the all-Russian program “Creation of modern ecological industry of Russia”, which requires the mobilization of efforts of the whole country and can create up to 10 million jobs for the youth.

ABOUT THE SITUATION WITH UNFINISHED CONSRTUCTION AND ITS INVOLVEMENT IN ECONOMIC TURNOVER

The article analyzed the dynamic of unfinished construction in 1991–2017, whose volume exceeds the annual capital investment directed to construction. It was found out that 2000–2010 were the most effective years, when the number of unfinished projects halved. When unfinished construction grows, big capital investment is withdrawn from economic turnover and the cost of these projects’ finishing goes up. The authors analyzed the reasons for such excessive amounts of unfinished construction (including long-term one) and put forward ideas of their involvement in economic turnover. Two key lines in their realization are proposed: firstly, construction completion or sale of unfinished projects and secondly, prevention of new long-term construction, including projects in housing construction .In respect of the first variant the authors suggest the development of a target program aimed at privatization of projects of unfinished construction (with concrete information about regions), as well as their completion and sale, which will provide an opportunity to get funds necessary to complete other projects or build new ones. To develop such an all-Russian program it is necessary to carry out an overall stock-taking of each project in line with a specific passport characteristic provided in the article and to make an economically grounded decision for each project. As for the second line, a number of possibilities were considered aimed at cutting the number of unfinished projects and prevention of new projects emergence. Special attention is paid to increasing investment activity in the industry, which is based on involvement of unused projects or areas of state and municipal property in economic turnover. It refers mainly to transparency of leasing vacant projects or areas according to fixed contracts and prices.

Quality control of immunohistochemical analyzes in Russia: yesterday, today, tomorrow

The opening of the Russian program of quality control of immunohistochemical analyzes will increase the quality of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, as well as optimize financial costs of oncology.