Stimulation of seed germination with a mixture of sodium salts of mono- and dicarboxylic acids

The aim of research: Study the possibility of using a mixture of sodium salts of mono- and dicarboxylic acids as a plant growth stimulant for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. Location and time of the study. West Siberia, 2016. Methodology. Evaluation of the effectiveness of alkaline effluent from caprolactam production (AECP) on germination of spring wheat seeds in two incubation experiments for 3 and 8 days and a laboratory experiment (in the light) for 11 days with seed pre-sowing treatment at different doses of AECP ranging from 0 to 90 liters/ton of seed. Results. In a series of experiments, it was found that AECP, which is a mixture of sodium salts of carboxylic acids, can be used as a plant growth stimulant for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds. The dosage of AECP is of utmost importance, the top limit of the application rate is recommended as 30 liters of AECP per a ton of seed. The most pronounced positive effect of the growth stimulant was displayed at the rate of 20 l/t. This AECP rate contributed to an increase in germinal root and leaf weight by 35% and 30%, respectively, compared with the control when seeds were germinated in the light for 11 days. Seed germination and the proportion of seedlings with leaves ≥ 3 cm in length were also maximal at this AECP application rate. Conclusions. To stimulate the germination of spring wheat, it is recommended to use AECP for pre-sowing treatment at the rate of 15– 20 liters per ton of seed.

Distribution of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Acidic and Alkaline Soil and Their Accumulation by Aspergillus niger

The nanoparticles of TiO2 (TiO2 NP) have been used as a plant-growth stimulant or catalyst in pesticide formulas. However, due to high resistance of TiO2 NP to abiotic weathering, dissolved Ti is unlikely to act as an active compound in these preparations. Even if soil is acidic, TiO2 NP do not dissolve easily and preferably remain as undissolved particles. The low dissolution rates of inorganic nanoparticles in the soil environment make Ti in TiO2 NP largely unavailable for plants and soil microorganisms. To characterize the behavior of TiO2 NP in soil under different pH conditions, we analyzed TiO2 NP-size distribution in two soil materials, an alkaline and acidic one. We also cultivated Aspergillus niger, a fungus ubiquitously found in soils, in the growth medium spiked with TiO2 NP to assess accumulation of the nanoparticles in fungus. In soil suspensions, the dissolved Ti was present in low concentrations (up to 0.010 mg L−1). Most of the TiO2 NP remained in particulate form or appeared as aggregates sized 100–450 nm. In experiment on Ti accumulation by A. niger, TiO2 NP either settled down to the bottom of the flask with growth medium or were actually accumulated by the fungus; about 7.5% of TiO2 NP were accumulated in fungal mycelia. Most of the TiO2 NP remain in particulate form in soil solutions, regardless of soil pH. Filamentous fungus A. niger has the ability to accumulate bioavailable TiO2 NP, which hints at the possibility that some soil fungi can affect spatial distribution of this type of nanoparticles in soils.

Special features of productivity and seed quality development of winter triticale varieties under the influence of technological methods

The article provides the results of three year (2017-2019) study of the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar fertilizing on productivity and seed qualities of winter triticale varieties (×Triticosecale Wittmack.) Izhevskaya 2 and Zimogor. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. Pre-sowing seed treatment was done with fungicide Vial TT, compound fertilizer Agree’s Forsazh and plant growth stimulant Mival-Agro in their pure form, with tank mixtures containing Vial TT fungicide, and with mineral fertilizer Emix. Foliar feeding with Agree’s Nitrogen Potassi-um compound fertilizer was done once during the phase of spring tillering and twice - during the phases of spring tillering and full heading. Pre-sowing seed treatment combined with foliar fertilizing provided an increase in yield productivity of Izhevskaya 2 variety seeds by 0.07-0.55 t/ha (or 3-24 %), of Zimogor variety – up to 0.27 t/ha (or up to 11 %). The techno-logical practices promoted the increase in the laboratory germination of seeds by varieties – 1-2 % (control 91 %) and 2-3 % (control 88 %), respectively, germinative power – 2-4 and 1-2 % (control 93 %), respectively, degree of seedling development in both varieties – by 0.1-0.3 points (control – 4.5 and 3.7 points). The highest productivity of Izhevskaya 2 variety seeds (2.85 t/ha for 3 years on the average) has been obtained by pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Agree’s Forsazh and foliar fertilizing during the phase of spring tillering that is higher than in the control variant by 0.55t/ha (or 24 %). The increase in yield productivity of winter triticale Zimigor seeds up to 2.81 % (addition to the control is 0.24t/ha or 11 %) was promoted by pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Agree’s Forsazh regardless of multiplicity of foliar fertilizing. The seeds obtained were characterized by high sowing qualities of seeds: the germinating energy of Izhevskaya 2 variety seeds was 85 %, of Zimogor variety – 82 %, the laboratory germination – 93 % and 92 % , respectively, the germinative power – 97 % and 94-95 %. Double foliar fertilizing with Agree’s Nitrogen Potassium combined with pre-sowing treatment with Vial TT, Mival-Agro and their tank mixtures showed high effectiveness in Zimogor variety. Seed productivity in both of these variants was at the same level (2.73 t/ha). The above-mentioned practices can be successfully used when producing winter triticale seeds.

Qualitative Assessment of Beneficial Microorganisms

Modern agriculture needs various plant growth stimulant products.

Synthesis of Novel 6-(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)Pyridazin-3(2H)-One Derivatives and their Preliminary Biological Evaluation

Simple and accessible pathways for the synthesis of a series of novel 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives including compounds with a combination of a pyrazolyl-pyridazine moiety with pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings in the same molecules were established. The tautomeric structures of 3-oxopyridazine and 5-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and also the position of their alkylation were shown. At preliminary screening the synthesised compounds showed pronounced plant growth stimulant activity. The most active compounds were selected for deeper studies and further field trials.

Synthesis of Novel Compounds with a Combination of Pyridazine, Pyrazole and 1,3,5-Triazine Rings and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Plant Growth Stimulant Activity

The syntheses of a series of novel compounds with a combination of pyrazole and pyridazine rings and their corresponding pyrazolyl-1-N-substituted derivatives were carried out. These rings are connected through the oxygen atom and oxoethoxy or oxoethyl moieties. At preliminary screening the synthesised compounds have shown pronounced plant growth stimulant activity. The most active compounds are being preparing for deeper studies and further field trials.