scholarly journals Distribution of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Acidic and Alkaline Soil and Their Accumulation by Aspergillus niger

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Martin Šebesta ◽  
Lucia Nemček ◽  
Martin Urík ◽  
Marek Kolenčík ◽  
Marek Bujdoš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulant

The nanoparticles of TiO2 (TiO2 NP) have been used as a plant-growth stimulant or catalyst in pesticide formulas. However, due to high resistance of TiO2 NP to abiotic weathering, dissolved Ti is unlikely to act as an active compound in these preparations. Even if soil is acidic, TiO2 NP do not dissolve easily and preferably remain as undissolved particles. The low dissolution rates of inorganic nanoparticles in the soil environment make Ti in TiO2 NP largely unavailable for plants and soil microorganisms. To characterize the behavior of TiO2 NP in soil under different pH conditions, we analyzed TiO2 NP-size distribution in two soil materials, an alkaline and acidic one. We also cultivated Aspergillus niger, a fungus ubiquitously found in soils, in the growth medium spiked with TiO2 NP to assess accumulation of the nanoparticles in fungus. In soil suspensions, the dissolved Ti was present in low concentrations (up to 0.010 mg L−1). Most of the TiO2 NP remained in particulate form or appeared as aggregates sized 100–450 nm. In experiment on Ti accumulation by A. niger, TiO2 NP either settled down to the bottom of the flask with growth medium or were actually accumulated by the fungus; about 7.5% of TiO2 NP were accumulated in fungal mycelia. Most of the TiO2 NP remain in particulate form in soil solutions, regardless of soil pH. Filamentous fungus A. niger has the ability to accumulate bioavailable TiO2 NP, which hints at the possibility that some soil fungi can affect spatial distribution of this type of nanoparticles in soils.

scholarly journals GLYPHOSATE AND TURBIDITY REMOVAL IN WATER CONDITIONS BY CLARIFICATION WITH TANFLOC

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
J. T. B. SILVA ◽  
K. C. ROCHA ◽  
R. M. F. CUBA
Keyword(s):  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

With the progress in the agriculture sector, improper domains of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides have grown, which have been negatively affected the environment until the present day. Therefore, the present work has as objective to evaluate the efficiency of the natural coagulant Tanfloc in the clarification stage with respect the herbicide glyphosate removal and the turbidity parameter by using jar test with different pH conditions and coagulant concentration. As a result, was obtained that for the pH range of 5-5.5 the natural coagulant has shown more efficient, with a glyphosate percentage removal of approximately 98.0% using low concentrations and turbidity removal of 21.69%. On the other hand, for the pH range of 6.8 to 7.3, the coagulant has not shown profitable results, considering that, for some concentrations, it was not possible to detect the herbicide removal. In the concentrations that were detected removal, the average glyphosate percentage removal was approximately 89% and an average of 20.24% of turbidity removal. In summary, although the natural coagulant has not shown remarkably efficient in the neutral pH range, the product may be considered an alternative device in water treatment with the respect of the use of metallic coagulants, which produce sludge with chemistry characteristics that may negatively affect the environment.

Effects of Halides on Plasmid-Mediated Silver Resistance in Escherichia coli

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 5042-5045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Maria Maynes ◽  
Simon Silver
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Resistance Plasmid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Silver resistance of sensitive Escherichia coli J53 and resistance plasmid-containing J53(pMG101) was affected by halides in the growth medium. The effects of halides on Ag+ resistance were measured with AgNO3 and silver sulfadiazine, both on agar and in liquid. Low concentrations of chloride made the differences in MICs between sensitive and resistant strains larger. High concentrations of halides increased the sensitivities of both strains to Ag+.

Speciation of cadmium in soil solutions of saline/sodic soils and relationship with cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
K. G. Tiller ◽  
M. K. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Saline Solutions

Fifty commercial potato crops and associated soils were sampled. Soil solutions were extracted from rewetted soils by centrifugation, and solution composition was related to Cd concentrations in tubers. Soils were also extracted with 0·01 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0·01 M CaCl2 solutions, and Cd2+ activities in the extracts were calculated by difference using the stability constants for formation of CdCl2-nn species. The soils had saline solutions (>4 dS/m), and Cl- and SO2-4 in solution markedly affected the speciation of Cd in soil solution, with chloro-complexes, in particular, dominating. While low soil pH was associated with high (>25 nM) concentrations of Cd in soil solution, chloro-complexation also led to high concentrations of Cd in solution, even at neutral to alkaline soil pH values. Tuber Cd concentrations were not related to activities of Cd2+ in soil solution or to activities in dilute salt extracts of soil. Tuber Cd concentrations were related to the degree of chloro-complexation of Cd in solution. The relationship of tuber Cd concentrations to chloro-complexation in soil solution suggests that Cd species other than the free Cd2+ ion are involved in the transport through soil and uptake of Cd by plants.

scholarly journals Cadmium Effects on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) Morphology and Cd Uptake in Relation to Substrate Acidity/Alkalinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1394-1399
Author(s):  
Anastasia AKOUMIANAKI-IOANNIDOU ◽  
Despoina KAPAMA ◽  
Aggelina MPANTOUNA ◽  
Nicholas K. MOUSTAKAS
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Diethylene Triamine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Triethanol Amine ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), is a herb with a wide range of use in food preparation and herbal medicine. It is a perennial shrub through which pollutants such as Cd may enter the human food chain Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the extent to which Cd added to the growth substrate is accumulated by hyssop plants and whether Cd affects the plant’s morphology. Hyssop plants were grown in pots containing a uniform mixture of either moderately acidic or slightly alkaline substrate consisting of peat and perlite (1:1 v/v) to which Cd (CdSO4*8/3H2O) was added (0-control, 1, 2 and 5 mg Cd L-1) during the course of growth. No symptoms of toxicity or nutrient deficiency as well as no differences in plant height were attributed to Cd application irrespective of the growth stage or substrate. Cadmium uptake by aerial organs (shoots) and underground organs (roots) of hyssop increased with Cd application and was higher in the moderately acidic than in the slightly alkaline soil environment. Hyssop is a Cd accumulator and accumulation occurred mainly in the roots in the acidic substrate. Measurement of extractable Cd by diethylene triamine penta acetic acid – triethanol amine (DTPA-TEA) could be used to predict Cd uptake by hyssop plants.

scholarly journals Shifting the pH Profile of Aspergillus niger PhyA Phytase To Match the Stomach pH Enhances Its Effectiveness as an Animal Feed Additive

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4397-4403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taewan Kim ◽  
Edward J. Mullaney ◽  
Jesus M. Porres ◽  
Karl R. Roneker ◽  
Sarah Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Stomach Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution by phosphorus from animal waste is a major problem in agriculture because simple-stomached animals, such as swine, poultry, and fish, cannot digest phosphorus (as phytate) present in plant feeds. To alleviate this problem, a phytase from Aspergillus niger PhyA is widely used as a feed additive to hydrolyze phytate-phosphorus. However, it has the lowest relative activity at the pH of the stomach (3.5), where the hydrolysis occurs. Our objective was to shift the pH optima of PhyA to match the stomach condition by substituting amino acids in the substrate-binding site with different charges and polarities. Based on the crystal structure of PhyA, we prepared 21 single or multiple mutants at Q50, K91, K94, E228, D262, K300, and K301 and expressed them in Pichia pastoris yeast. The wild-type (WT) PhyA showed the unique bihump, two-pH-optima profile, whereas 17 mutants lost one pH optimum or shifted the pH optimum from pH 5.5 to the more acidic side. The mutant E228K exhibited the best overall changes, with a shift of pH optimum to 3.8 and 266% greater (P < 0.05) hydrolysis of soy phytate at pH 3.5 than the WT enzyme. The improved efficacy of the enzyme was confirmed in an animal feed trial and was characterized by biochemical analysis of the purified mutant enzymes. In conclusion, it is feasible to improve the function of PhyA phytase under stomach pH conditions by rational protein engineering.

The effect of fatty acids on the metabolism of lactic acid streptococci: II. Resistance of a variant of Streptococcus cremoris strain C 13

1964 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Anders ◽  
G. R. Jago
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

SummaryIt was previously found that low concentrations of oleic acid in the growth medium inhibited the growth of Streptococcus cremoris strain C 13. However, a variant of this strain has now been isolated which is capable of growth in relatively high concentrations of oleic acid. This was achieved by the extended incubation of inocula of strain C 13 in milk containing various concentrations of oleic acid.

scholarly journals Dynamic response of Aspergillus niger to single pulses of glucose with high and low concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Wei Shu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Low Concentrations

Effects of Spacing and Lopping on a Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)–Karnal Grass (Leptochloa fusca) Agroforestry System on an Alkaline Soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbachan Singh ◽  
I. P. Abrol ◽  
S. S. Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Number Of Branches

SUMMARYThe effects of spacing and lopping on a mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and Karnal grass (Leptochloa fusca) agroforestry system on an alkaline soil at Karnal in India was examined over a three year period from planting. There were no significant differences in the height and diameter of the mesquite or in the number of branches at different spacings, but growth was significantly improved by lopping. The oven dried biomass obtained from lopped branches over a 40 month period was greatest at a 2 × 2 m spacing. The green forage yield of Karnal grass was greatest under mesquite spaced 4 × 4 m apart and was markedly improved under lopped mesquite. The inorganic composition of the Karnal grass, including trace elements, made it a valuable fodder in an area with an adverse alkaline soil environment. The calcium and potassium content of the grass increased and the sodium content decreased in successive cuttings. Mesquite and Karnal grass grown together reduced soil pH and EC and improved the organic carbon and available nitrogen content of the soil.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Activity of Aspergillus niger Metabolites Against Parthenium Weed

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. BASHIR ◽  
A. KHAN ◽  
A. JAVAID
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Parthenium Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: Metabolites of Aspergillus niger, prepared in malt extract (ME) broth and potato dextrose (PD) broth, were evaluated for their herbicidal activity against a noxious parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). In laboratory assays, original (X) and diluted (½ X) fungal metabolites significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of weed. However, metabolites prepared in ME broth proved to have greater herbicidal activity than metabolites prepared in other growth medium. Original metabolites prepared in ME broth have completely hinder the germination of parthenium seeds; while those prepared in PD broth have reduced germination by 89% over control. In pot trials, one-week, two-week and three-week-old parthenium seedlings were sprayed three times with original and concentrated (2X) metabolites of A. niger prepared in ME broth. Plants were harvested after 40 days of sowing. One-week treatment plants were most susceptible to fungal metabolites spray, followed by two-week and three-week treatment plants, respectively. Original and concentrated metabolites have significantly reduced shoot biomass of one-week-old plants by 57% and 68%, and root biomass by 50% and 75%, respectively. The present study has come to the conclusion that A. niger metabolites prepared in ME broth can effectively control germination and growth of parthenium.

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