Detecting deformed commutators with exceptional points in optomechanical sensors

Models of quantum gravity imply a modification of the canonical position-momentum commutation relations. In this manuscript, working with a binary mechanical system, we examine the effect of quantum gravity on the exceptional points of the system. On the one side, we find that the exceedingly weak effect of quantum gravity can be sensed via pushing the system towards a second-order exceptional point, where the spectra of the non-Hermitian system exhibits non-analytic and even discontinuous behavior. On the other side, the gravity perturbation will affect the sensitivity of the system to deposition mass. In order to further enhance the sensitivity of the system to quantum gravity, we extend the system to the other one which has a third-order exceptional point. Our work provides a feasible way to use exceptional points as a new tool to explore the effect of quantum gravity.

A′ constructions

This chapter applies the theory of the preceding chapters to A’ constructions, such as wh-questions and relative clauses. The main result of this chapter is that there is a range of ways in which the conceptual ‘work’ associated with these constructions can be expressed in the correspondence between syntax, phonology, and meaning. None of them involve ‘movement’ in the classical sense, although some constructional devices do express links between constituents not in canonical position relative to their governing heads, giving the illusion of movement.

Proper relativistic position operators in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions

We have revisited the Dirac theory in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dimensions by using the covariant representation of the parity-extended Poincaré group in their native dimensions. The parity operator plays a crucial role in deriving wave equations in both theories. We studied two position operators, a canonical one and a covariant one that becomes the particle position operator projected onto the particle subspace. In [Formula: see text] dimensions the particle position operator, not the canonical position operator, provides the conserved Lorentz generator. The mass moment defined by the canonical position operator needs an additional unphysical spin-like operator to become the conserved Lorentz generator in [Formula: see text] dimensions. In [Formula: see text] dimensions, the sum of the orbital angular momentum given by the canonical position operator and the spin angular momentum becomes a constant of motion. However, orbital and spin angular momentum do not conserve separately. On the other hand the orbital angular momentum given by the particle position operator and its corresponding spin angular momentum become a constant of motion separately.

Variations on a Motive: Hamsun and Tammsaare

In 1935 Ma armastasin sakslast (I Loved a German) was published. In 1928 Victoria (1898) by Knut Hamsun (1859–1952) was published in Estonian. The first was written and the second translated by A. H. Tammsaare (1878– 1940). Parallels between these two authors have been most often discussed in connection with Pan (1894) and Kõrboja peremees (The Master of Kõrboja, 1922). Both authors have earned their canonical position in literature thanks to the novels Markens Grøde (Growth of the Soil) (1917), in the case of Hamsun, and Tõde ja õigus (Truth and Justice, I–V, 1926–1933) in the case of Tammsaare. These novels have been “sorted out” to be included in the canon, while Ma armastasin sakslast and Victoria have not received as much attention. In both novels love is the central theme – in Hamsun’s novel the main characters are the miller’s son Johannes and the landlord’s daughter Victoria, and in Tammsaare’s novel the student Oskar and a baron’s grand daughter, Erika. This article examines the connections between Hamsun and Tammsaare by analysing the novels Victoria and Ma armastasin sakslast, discussing among others the motive that has been widely used in world literature, namely the (archetypical) story of lovers – Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare. Both novels can be considered as variations on that motive as Tammsaare, for example, adds the social aspect, so that the archetypical love story set in the Republic of Estonia enables him to discuss topics essential to him. In the article the main emphasis is on Tammsaare’s novel.

The principle of canonical orientation: a cross-linguistic study

abstractThis paper presents a cross-linguistic investigation of a constraint on the use on intrinsic frames of reference proposed by Levelt (1984, 1996). This proposed constraint claims that use of intrinsic frames when the ground object is in non-canonical position is blocked due to conflict with gravitational-based reference frames. Regression models of the data from Arabic, K’iche’, Spanish, Yucatec, and Zapotec suggest that this constraint is valid across languages. However, the strength at which the constraint operates is predicted by the frequency of canonical intrinsic frames in the particular language. The ratio of the incidence of intrinsic usage with canonical vs. non-canonical orientation appears to be remarkably uniform across languages, which suggests the possibility of a strong cognitive universal.

Shift of Shapiro Step in High Critical Temperature Superconductors

The influence of the charge imbalance effect on a system of intrinsic Josephson junctions of high temperature superconductors under external electromagnetic radiation is investigated. We find that the charge imbalance is responsible for the slope of the Shapiro step in the IV-characteristic. The nonperiodic boundary conditions shift the Shapiro step from the canonical position which is determined by the frequency of the external radiation. We also find how the system parameters influence the shift of the Shapiro step.

Displacement in Syntax

Displacement is a ubiquitous phenomenon in natural languages. Grammarians often speak of displacement in cases where the rules for the canonical word order of a language lead to the expectation of finding a word or phrase in a particular position in the sentence whereas it surfaces instead in a different position and the canonical position remains empty: ‘Which book did you buy?’ is an example of displacement because the noun phrase ‘which book’, which acts as the grammatical object in the question, does not occur in the canonical object position, which in English is after the verb. Instead, it surfaces at the beginning of the sentence and the object position remains empty. Displacement is often used as a diagnostic for constituent structure because it affects only (but not all) constituents. In the clear cases, displaced constituents show properties associated with two distinct linear and hierarchical positions. Typically, one of these two positions c-commands the other and the displaced element is pronounced in the c-commanding position. Displacement also shows strong interactions with the path between the empty canonical position and the position where the element is pronounced: one often encounters morphological changes along this path and evidence for structural placement of the displaced constituent, as well as constraints on displacement induced by the path. The exact scope of displacement as an analytically unified phenomenon varies from theory to theory. If more then one type of syntactic displacement is recognized, the question of the interaction between movement types arises. Displacement phenomena are extensively studied by syntacticians. Their enduring interest derives from the fact that the complex interactions between displacement and other aspects of syntax offer a powerful probe into the inner workings and architecture of the human syntactic faculty.

Narrow presentational focus in Mexican Spanish: Experimental evidence

It is most often claimed that in Spanish constituents in narrow presentational or information focus appear rightmost, where they also receive main sentence stress, while shifting the stress to the focus in its canonical position is infelicitous. Some, however, claim that Spanish in fact has recourse to both strategies for making the focus prominent, and some recent quantitative work has shown support for this alternative view. The present paper contributes to this debate by experimentally testing the realization of presentational focus in Mexican Spanish using an acceptability judgment task. The results of the experiment reveal that, for these speakers, focused constituents need not be rightmost and can in fact be stressed in non-final position, contra the consensus view. These findings expand the database on focus in Spanish and indicate that theories of the prosody/syntax interface may need to be revised, especially those theories that motivate discourse-related syntactic movement based on the requirements of the prosody.

Egy paradoxon ígérete

The critical reviews and articles of Borbély Szilárd are collected in the volume Hungarikum-e a líra? The central question of this book is whether the canonical position of Hungarian poetry is relevant or exists at all. Besides the books of certain authors, this volume inquires into different poetical forms, patterns and modifications in the history of Hungarian poetry, which are subordinated to the ideological discourse, beyond the system of literature. In my study I try to reveal the blindness and insights of Borbély’s reading, and moreover I try to show how the foregoing ideological figure, which Borbély tried to eliminate, can be basically rewritten into Borbély’s concept by the arrestive paradox that constitutes the structures and methods of his book. Hence I attempt to reveal ’Borbély’s unique voice’ that configures the language and narrative technique of his book. My aim was to present the merits of his volume and find its place in the author’s oeuvre.